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History of WWII - Yr10 - Coggle Diagram
History of WWII - Yr10
Key Concepts
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Evidence - Sources
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Primary sources – sources that were created at the time of the event. Might include bones, letters, art, tools
Secondary sources – these are reconstructions of the past by people living at a later time. Might include books, articles, models, documentary films
Cause and Effect
Cause and effect aims to identify the reasons why events have occurred and the resulting consequences from it
Empathy
Empathy is the ability to ‘walk in someone else’s shoes’ – to be aware of, and sensitive to, their feelings, thoughts and experiences
Continuity and Change
Historians recognize that over time some things stay the same, while others change
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Significance
Significance relates to the importance assigned of the past, such as events, discoveries, people and historical sites
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Aftermath of World War I
Treaty of Versailles
January 1919 the leaders of 32 nations met at the Paris Peace Conference to come up with a plan for rebuilding Europe and ensuring ongoing peace
Conference was dominated by the leaders of the four major powers (Britain, French, America and Italy)
France wanted revenge and compensation for the damages done and wanted to weaken Germany so it would never be able to take up arms again
America wanted to achieve lasting peace with a treaty that punished Germany, but not too harshly that they would want revenge one day
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End of WWI
Immediately after the war ended, in 1918, the world was hit with the Spanish Flu pandemic
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Death of over 30 million people, mostly aged 20-40 years old
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League of Nations
The League of Nations was an international organization formed at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919
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Idea was suggested by US President Wilson, however, USE did not join as the American people did not want to get involved in European affairs
LON had some successes, however, it failed in preventing another war from starting
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Causes of World War II
The Great Depression
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Germany was one of the worst affected nations during this time, suffering:
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Prices of stocks crash
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Companies closed down, unemployment increased
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Workers went on strike, German currency depreciated in value, and the economy suffered as foreign investors moved their money out of Germany
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Appeasement
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1938 Hitler demanded the Sudetenland region in Czechoslovakia be returned to Germany and agreed not to make any further claims on territory on Europe – Representatives from Britain, France and Italy agreed
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Policy
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The British and French response to these events was to tolerate them, known as a policy of appeasement
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Course of WWII in Europe
Start of WWII in Europe
By the end of September, German Army had control over Poland
In November, Stalin (leader of USSR) invades Finland
Germany won largely thanks to a tactic known as Blitzkrieg, which means ‘lighting war’
They would send tanks out to quickly overwhelm the enemy, then they would constantly push back enemy forces, as the other soldiers follow behind
September 1st, 1939 – Hitler invades Poland
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23rd August, 1939 – Molotov Ribbentrop Pact Signed (Germany & Russia)
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Western Front
From fall of 1939 to Spring 1940, war in Europe was known as the phony war because no major activity occurred
Attack begins in May, 1940, Germany went through the low countries to France
By June, Allied forces are evacuated from French town of Dunkirk to England
Paris is occupied June 14, 1940
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Battle of Britain
August 1940, Germans begin to bomb Southern England
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The Blitz
In September, Germany begins the “Blitz” and shift their bombing to London and abandon invasion
Between September 1940 and May 1941 two million houses (most in London) were destroyed and 60,000 civilians were killed
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Eastern Front
Attacks begins June 22, 1941, breaking the non-aggression pact
Stalin did not believe an invasion would occur until 1942, when both England and France would be defeated
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Siege of Leningrad
September 8, 1941 – January 27, 1944
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200,000 Red Army defenders protected 3,000,000 inhabitants
With the help of the Finnish, German Army invades 2nd largest city in the USSR
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In 1942, 650,000 died during the siege
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Battle of Stalingrad
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Gen. Von Paulus surrenders, 91,000 Germans taken prisoner
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Battle was hand-to-hand combat, street by street. Over 2 million soldiers involved
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D-day - 6 June, 1944
In November, 1843, Stalin, Churchill, and Roosevelt met in Teheran to discuss a second front in Europe
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Largest air, land, and sea operation
The plan involved assaults on five beaches west of the Orne River near Caen (Sword, Juno, Gold, Omaha and Utah) by the British, American and Canadian forces
2727 ships sailed to Normandy coast and on the first day 156,000 men landed along a 60km front to face 50 German divisions
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Paris is liberated on August 25, 1944
Women's Roles in the War
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By the end of the war
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Some involved in traditional men’s roles, as signalers, truck and ambulance drivers, wireless telegraphers or aircraft ground staff
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