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Topic 22: Countries and Migration, image, image, image, image, image -…
Topic 22: Countries and Migration
Countries of origin, transit and destination
Countries of Origin, are the places where it was born and places where migration begins
Transit countries, are the intermediate places on the road between the country of origin and the country of destination, that is, where they temporarily
Destination Countries are places that where people want to emigrate (leaving a place of origin for socio-economic reasons in search of a better quality of life, employment, and income – a better place)
Country of return, in certain circumstances a considerable number of migrants return to their country of origin
The case of Ecuador
In 2007, Ecuador became a country of origin, a country of transit, as a destination country
Because of the fact that different countries have had, lack of employment and armed conflicts, making the decision for foreign citizens to decide to leave their countries
In 2017, about 1 608 000 foreigners entered Ecuador, making Ecuador more successful, in economic and tourism partners
Since 1999 with the departure of more than 950 000 people having as destinations Spain and Italy, and its main reason was the economic crisis of that time
Approximately 400,000 people from other
countries
The danger of restrictions
No matter how much effort states make to build walls, put up barbed wire, build immigration
detention centers, establish and maintain sophisticated control systems, migration do not stop
The cost to arrive illegally, in the United States, ranges between 15 and 20 thousand dollars per person
Migration policies
The States have two areas of responsibilities: first, on the fulfillment of the rights of the people who live in the country, which also extends to the international sphere
The second has to do with state security
n this globalized era, the criterion of selectivity prevails. Governments, especially in developed countries, set requirements that facilitate entry for some people and severely restrict others
Human rights and migration
Human rights are principles and norms that seek to respect the dignity of people and protect
them from abuses of power
origin or place of birth (art. 2), to move freely and to choose their residence in the territory of a State (art. 13); to asylum (art. 14); to have nationality and change it (art. 15); to an international order where rights are effectively fulfilled (art. 28).
Since States have the duty to respect, promote and guarantee human rights, their responsibility is to guarantee that the decision is not forced and that if they migrate, they do so in dignified conditions.
The decition to migrate
The decision is a process, it is a complex matter
Money is always a problem, but the greatest difficulty that migrants now face, especially in the First World, is obtaining a visa to travel to the destination country
It is extremely difficult to get a work visa
the majority look for a tourist visa for a few months or weeks, and then they stay illegally or "paperless"
They sometimes choose the irregular path and embark on the risks of traveling through the so-called coyoteros
Coyoteros are people who charge money to bring migrants into countries that make legal entry difficult
"Coyoterism" is a crime. In any case, the decision to migrate is not exclusively individual
