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antidiabetic drugs - Coggle Diagram
antidiabetic drugs
name
megaglitineds (repaglinide)
mechanism of action
It leads to increase intracellular K+ which causes the membrane to become more positive leading to depolarization and opening of voltage gated Calcium channels
his rise in intracellular calcium leads to increase fusion of insulin granulae in the cell membrane and therefore increased secretion of pro-insulin.
in a similar manner to sulphonylureas but have a weaker affinity and faster disassociation from SUR1 binding site
Meglitinides have a short onset of action and short half life.
Meglitinides bind to the ATP dependent K+ channels on the cell membrane of beta cells of the pancreas
indications
are oral medications used to treat type 2 diabetes. They work by triggering production of insulin. Medications in this class include Prandin (repaglinide) and Starlix (nateglinide)
nursing contradictions
Allergy to sulfonylureas. Avoid hypersensitivity reactions
Pregnancy and lactation. Potential adverse effect on the fetus or neonate.
Type 1 diabetes. These patients do not have functioning beta cells and would have no benefit from the drug.
side effects
Symptoms of hypoglycemia include sweating, shakiness, lightheadedness, and confusion.
weight gain
low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) is the most common side effect of Meglitinides
storage conditions
store in a cool dry place, keep it away from the sunlight heat
route of administration
PO;0,5-4mg-bid-qid, 1-30 min prior to meals ( max:16mg/day)
name
thiazolidinedione (pioglitazone)
mechanism of action
specific for PPARγ (PPAR-gamma, PPARG)
They are thus the PPARG agonists subset of PPAR agonists
a group of nuclear receptors
The endogenous ligands for these receptors are free fatty acids (FFAs) and eicosanoids
act by activating PPARs (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors)
indications
They activate the nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma)
are used as antidiabetic agents for the treatment of type 2 (non-insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus
contraindications
Thiazolidinedione's are therefore contraindicated in patients with moderate to severe symptoms or signs of angina or heart failure
during daily activities or at rest (New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III or IV cardiac functional status
side effects
Leading to swelling or edema
including a feeling of heaviness in the body and tendency to be inactive.
Water retention
storage condition
Store in closed container at ambient temperature
Protect from light, moisture, and humidity.
Store at 25°C (77°F); excursions permitted to 15°C to 30°C (59°F to 86°F)
route of administration
PO;1-4mg/day (max: 8mg/day