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LymphImmune Daniel Luna P1 - Coggle Diagram
LymphImmune Daniel Luna P1
Anatomy of lymphatic system
functions
to transport fluids and clean them
through lymph vessels
by lymph nodes
produce immunities
transport fats from digestive to blood
organs
tonsils
the pharyngeal/adenoids
the palatine tonsils
the lingual tonsils
spleen
produces lymph
stores blood
thymus
production of t cells
production of lymphocytes
payers patches
found in small intestine
destroys bacteria
lymph nodes
Major Functions
Disposal of cellular waste
Disposal of excess body tissues
Absorb fats from the digestive tract
Protection against foreign invaders
Production of immune cells
Innate vs Adaptive
Adaptive
3rd line of defense
attack against foreign antigens
t cells
b cells
cytotoxic t cells
Similarities
Both have a defensive ability against foreign antigens
Working together
innate produces proteins to trigger immune response
adaptive uses this information to launch attack
Innate
1st and 2nd line of defense
2nd line
Reduction of spread of the invaders
Microbial proteins
Phagocytes
1st line
body membranes
mucous
saliva
skin
Humoral and cellular response
Humoral
B cells find antigen. triggering the humoral response
Antigens bind to surface of b cell receptors
Active vs passive
Active occurs once the b cell produces antibodies
A response due to bacteria, or through a vaccine to give the memory cells antibodies.
passive occurs when there is already made antibodies in the nervous system against a specific antigen
acquired through genetics
Memory cells
cell memorizes the antigen upon exposure, producing antibodies for future cases.
provides a fast relief to future cases of antigens.
Cellular
B cells
Helper t cells interact with B cells to display the fragments bound to MHC receptors
CD8 cells
Helper T cells become cytotoxoc t cells which kill infected cells
T cells
2 steps
Antigen binding (STEP ONE)
TCRs bind to antigen MHC on APC surface
The binding of the TCR sends an alarm throughout the pathways to show there is an invader
Co-stimulation (STEP TWO)
T cell activation must occur after t cells bind to one or more signals on APC surface
provide defense against antigens
Antigens and antibodies
Antigens
can be complete or hapten
contains antigenic determinants
can be a self antigen
MHC proteins are a group of glycoproteins
the cells are covered with proteins that aren't antigens to itself
Antibodies
secreted by plasma cells
can be T or Y shaped
types
IgM
IgE
IgA
IgD
IgG
Functions
Neutralization
block specific sites on viruses
Agglutination
allows complexes to be linked together
Precipitation
Soluble molecules linked into complexes
Complement fixation
main antibody defense against cellular antigens
cells involved
Effector t cells
helper t cells
activate b cells
activated t cells and humoral and cellular responses
regulatory t cells
prevent autoimmune reactions
cytotoxic t cells
kills infected cells
uses apoptosis
uses exocytosis
provide defense against infected cells including cancer cells, viral cells, foreign cell, and bacteria
CD8 cells
cytotoxic t cells which kill infected cells
CD4 cells
become helper t cells that activate b cells
can become a memory t cell
can become a regulatory t cell
disorders
autoimmune diseases causes
immune system loses ability to distinguish good cells from bad cells
auto production of antibodies destroy bodily tissues
Immune system
AIDS
interferes with helper t cell activities, meaning your immune system will not respond properly
causes HIV
hodgkins disease
cancer that causes cancer in b cells
SCID syndrome
genetic defect with a deficit in b and t cells
Hypersensitivity
the immune response causes tissue damage
anaphylactic shock is the main response
2 types
acute
after allergen contact
asymptomatic
initial allergen contact