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Cold exposure and cold stress - Coggle Diagram
Cold exposure and cold stress
mechanisms to increase body temp
increase heat production
mm activity (shivering)
increase E metabolism from food or tissue
increase feed intake
rumen digestion
increase heat conservation
vasocinstriction
piloerection
behavioral responses
huddling
shelter seeking
calves especially susceptible
increase calf maintenance feed by at least 50%
increase insulation
nest scoring
increase quality of milk replacer
always dry calves
give colostrum ASAP after birth
dry bedding
shleter
calf blankets
Jerseys have an especially hard time
definitons
cold exposure = compensating
CS
piloerection
shivering intermittently
cool extremeties
normal rectal temp
alert
necropsy
perirenal fat loss
no change in pericardial or bone marrow fat
cold stress = losing heat
"found dead" 1-4wo calves
CS
weight loss
intense or no shivering
+/- frozen extremities
rectal temp <98F
weak
hypoglycemia
necropsy
frozen extremities
emaciated
serous atrophy of fat
dehydration, diarrhea, pnemonia
treatment
warm up
dry off
calf jackets
deep bedding
heat lamp
warm water bath
warm oral fluids
warm IV/IP fluids
management for beef calves
have a calving area
frequent supervision
shelter from wind/precip
abundant dry bedding
if dystocia/born weak
temp shelter
feed colostrum
dry off and warm up
management from lambs/kids
lambing area
post-lambing supervision
ensure ewe has colostrum
check that teats are patent
ensure lamb gets said colostrum
provide supplemental E if needed
ensure ewe has good diet