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antidiabetic drug - Coggle Diagram

- - - - decreases intestinal absorption of glucose
      - improves insulin sensitivity by increasing peripheral glucose uptake and utilization
      - decrease hepatic glucose production
    - - type 1 diabetes mellitus
      - gestational diabetes mellitus
      - prediabetes
      - polycystic ovary syndrome
      - type 2 diabetes mellitus
    - - its also contraindicated for 2 days prior to 2 days after receiving IV radiographic contrast
      - it is used with caution with patients with anemia, diarrehea, vomiting or dehydration.
      - its also contraindicated in patient with heart failure, liver failure, history of lactic acidosis
      - metformin is contraindicated in patients with impaired renal function because the drug can rise to toxic levels
    - - flatulence
      - abdominal pain
      - nausea
      - bitter and metallic taste
    - - increase to 1000-2550mg in two to three divided dose per day ( max:2,55g per day)
      - PO; 500mg two times per day or 850mg once daily
- - - - dizziness
      - heartburn
      - nausea
      - headache and drowsiness
    - - PO;1-4mg/day (max: 8mg/day
    - - store in a cool dry place and away from sunlight
    - - type 1 diabetes mellitus, diabetic ketoacidosis with or without coma
      - known hypersensitivity to the drug
    - - initiate a chain of events which results in insulin release
      - beta cell ATP-sensitive K-channel is a complex of two proteins
      - primary mechanism of action is close to ATP-sensitive K-channels in the beta cells plasma membrane
      - pore forming subunit and drug-binding subunit which functions as a receptor for sulfonylureas
      - sulfonylureas are widely used to treat non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
    - - sulfonylureas are ineffective where there is absolute deficiency of insulin production such as type1 diabetes
      - sulfonylureas can be used to treat some types of neonatal diabetes
      - sulfonylureas are used primarily for the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2