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Public Health and the Carceral State - Coggle Diagram
Public Health and the Carceral State
Health Inequality in the Carceral State
There are great racial disparities in criminal justice contacts. For example, more than 60% of black men and boys "without a high school degree can expect to be imprisoned by their mid-30s."
This has caused greater racial health disparities because research shows that criminal justice contacts is linked ot increased health risk.
This study examines whether contacts along the justice continuum, such as police stops, arrests, convictions, and incarceration, affect individual health risk.
Although there may be short-term health improvements after incarceration, there are no long-term health benefits. People incarcerated have higher rates of morbidity and mortality.
Increased health risks because of stressors, such as loss of autonomy, physical and emotional isolation, and fear for one's safety. Also because of stressors beyond release from prison. Stress causes hormone problems.
Incarceration negatively affects SES and financial stability.
Over the past few decades there has been an increase in aggressive policing and mass incarceration, especially to black boys and men.
Discussion
Incarceration is an essential driver of individual health and population disparities.
Findings indicate that the mental health impacts of the criminal justice system include preincarceration contacts. Especially between arrests and depressive risk.
Little evidence that the life-course timing of incarceration differentially affects health risk. Incarceration harms health, regardless of timing. Longer duration of imprisonment harms health more.
Criminal justice contacts are drivers of racial health disparities.
Soft Sterilization
In 2017 a Tennesse judge issued an order to coerce incarcerated men and women to get vasectomies and Nexplanon in return for a reduced sentence. He said it was to prevent more drug-abusing people from being born. It was in effect for two months before being turned over.
Demonstrates the ongoing reproductive control in criminal justice and criminalizing social welfare systems. Using Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptives is also Soft Sterilization. Soft Sterilization controls (in a disguised fashion) the reproductive rights of minority women, women of low SES, and incarcerated women.
Reproductive Justice:
the right to have a child under the conditions of one's choosing.
the right not to have a child using birth control, abortion, or abstinence
the right to parent children in a safe and health environment free from violence by individuals or the state.
Essential work of reproductive justice is the implementation of intersectional framework.
Reproductive rights have historically focused on the interest of middle class and wealthy white women.
In the second half of the 19th century, the eugenics movement forcefully sterilized women and men thought to produce undesirable children.
Activist groups were able to demand government compliance of approved voluntary sterilization procedures in 1974.
In the early US, black reproduction was more important to wealthy whites because it meant an increase in laborers to work as slaves. During Jim Crow, black reproduction was no longer important to the economy for whites. Black sexuality, reproduction, and motherhood were viewed as consequences of poor choices. Social change for women only helped white women.
Black women and women of color consented to sterilization in return for social services. White women, faced barriers to permanent birth control (tubal ligations)
Today, LARCs are emancipatory for priviledged white women because they have the easy option to remove them. It is the opposite for black women and women of color.