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Dimensión cultural de la anglofonía en el mundo actual. El inglés…

- - - - INDUSTRIAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL ACHIEVEMENTS: technology projects (NASA), computers jargon, software...
      - INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATION: air traffic control code, navigation code.
      - COMMONWEALTH still keeps a unity in certain aspects: Political agreements, economical treaties, social events, sport competitions...
      - MUSIC
      - NUMBER OF SPEAKERS: 1400 million of speakers, 50 countries official language, 20 countries second or first educated language.
      - SPORTS: invented or developed: rugby, football, golf...
      - ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE: Nearly 2 billion due to the importance of the
      - COMMERCE AND DIPLOMACY
  - - - THE BRITISH BROADCASTING CORPORATION (BBC) radio and TV financed by the licence fees paid by UK citizens.
      - THE PRESS: THE TIMES daily national newspaper.
- - - - LINGUISTICALLY: Uniformity in pronunciation, accurate use of grammar rules and appropiate word choice.
      - GEOGRAPHICALLY: Southeast of England, fair degree in all parts of the country and taught in schools nationwide.
      - SOCIALLY: Avoid any regional or local features, such as dialects. Associated to high middle-class circles, required to work in the BBC from 1922.
      - CONSERVATIVE: associated with higly educated old people and aristocrats.
      - MAINSTREAM: Neutral accent in terms of revealing the speaker's background: age, occupation, locality.
      - CONTEMPORARY: Young speakers who are able to mix their middle class and educated RP accent with some regional features.
      - THEORETICAL LINGUISTIC CONCEPT, USED IN PHONETIC TRANSCRIPTIONS, DICTIONARIES, LINGUISTIC MATERIAL, MODEL OF COMPARISON AND COMMON REFERENCE.
  - - - UNIFORMITY: Settlers came from many different countries and consequently, there was a need for a standard uniformity.
      - ACHAISM: Preservation of old features
        
        MORPHOLOGICAL: Archaic past participle GOTTEN
        
        LEXICAL: Keeping the old meaning of words: MAD, SICK.
        
        PHONETIC: intervocalic /r/ MORE. flat /ae/ instead of /a:/ FAST, /I:/ instead of diphtong /ai/: either
      - TOLERANT OF INNOVATIONS. Attempts to consolidate the language independently of Standard English and by the number of new words that were accepted during the period of colonial expansion.
        
        FRENCH LOANS: BUREAU
        
        GERMAN LOANS: PRETZEL
        
        POLITICAL SYSTEM: CONGRESSMAN.
        
        DUTCH LOANS: COOKIE
        
        DISASTERS: LOCUST
        
        SPANISH LOANS: ALFALFA, MARIHUANA
        
        INDIAN LOANS: MOCCASIN
        
        OLD WORDS WITH A NEW MEANING: CORN
        
        GROWING THINGS: EGG PLANT.
        
        2 WORDS INDICATE A NEW MEANING: EGG PLANT
        
        LANDSCAPE: GAP
        
        USE OF ACRONYMS: NASA, USA.
    - - NOAH WEBSTER: Lexicographer, lawyer and teacher.
        
        second dictionary AN AMERICAN DICTIONARY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE 1828: Real ancestor of the dictionaries, called the Webster's dictionary
        
        MAIN FEATURES
        
        Influences on American spelling
        
        RE/ER - CENTER
        
        C/S - DEFENSE
        
        DOUBLE CONSONANTS-TRAVELER
        
        IAE/IE - MEDIEVAL
        
        OUR/OR - BEHAVIOR
        
        E/- - MEDICIN
        
        OTHERS - TYRE/TIRE
        
        Influences on American pronunciations: consists in giving every letter in a syllable its due proportion of sound.
        
        Most notorious differences
        
        RP /o/ is pronounced with the lips rounded. In AmE it is unrounded
        
        RP unaccented syllables are very slightly pronounced. Ame with great clearness NECESSARY
        
        RP /r/ disappears except before vowels CAR
        
        INDIVIDUAL WORDS: RP /ai/ AmE /i:/ either, neither
        
        RP /a:/ AmE /ae/ FAST
        
        Stress on American usage and pronunciation. Distinctive spellings. Quotations from American authors.
        
        Webster's work gave American English a dignity and vitality, reflecting the principle that language spelling, grammar and speech should be BASED UPON PRACTICAL USAGE RATHER THAN ON ARTIFICIAL RULES.
        
        Wrote the AMERICAN SPELLING BOOK 1806: Spelling of those words that now distinguish American from British English
- - - - IMITATING ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION. CHAMPÚ
      - LETTER W: COWBOY
      - DOUBLE LETTER SPELLING:Double consonant HIPPY, consonant clusters. (initial) SLOGAN (medial) COCKTAIL (final) PARKING, double vowel JEEP
      - SINGLE FINAL CONSONANT: PIVOT - PIVOTE
      - Y PRECEDED BY CONSONANT: PONY
      - ACCEPTABLE SPELLING: MANAGER