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Tissues in gaseous exchange system 3.1.1 - Coggle Diagram
Tissues in gaseous exchange system 3.1.1
cartilage
connective tissue
found
trachea (C-shaped rings)
bronchi (smaller pieces than trachea)
hyaline cartilage
larger bronchioles (SOME in larger bronchioles)
structure & function
C-shaped rings to prevent trachea & bronchi collapsing during inhalation when air pressure is low, but still allowing flexibility for the oesophagus (food passing through)
Ciliated epithelium
found
bronchi
bronchioles - (larger, smaller & smallest - terminal)
trachea
structure & function
beat in a synchronised pattern to waft mucus & trapped particle towards throat
swallowed - proteins in pathogen denatured by stomach acid
expectorated (coughed or spat out)
contains lots of mitochondria as ATP is needed for cilia movement
nicotine & tar in cigarettes paralyses the cilia, mucus accumulates in air ways & increased risk of infection
Goblet & glandular tissue
found
trachea
bronchi
structure & function
release mucus which traps pathogens & tiny particles such as dust & pollen. reducing risk of infection
glandular tissue found underneath the ciliated epithelium
Simple squamous epithelium
found
alveoli
structure & function
flattened epithelial cells (only 1 cell thick) to provide a short diffusion distance for gas exchange
Smooth muscle
involuntary muscle
found
bronchi
bronchioles (larger, smaller & smallest - terminal)
trachea
structure & function
contracts to constrict the airways, narrowing the lumen & restricting the flow of air to the alveoli
important for allergic reactions, e.g. asthma
relaxes during exercise to allow more air to reach the alveoli
Elastic fibres
found
bronchi
bronchioles (larger, smaller & smallest - terminal)
trachea
alveoli
structure & function
protein fibres that can stretch (deform) & recoil
when smooth muscle fibres contract it deforms the elastic fibres & when smooth muscle fibres relax elastic fibres recoil
helping to elongate the smooth muscle cells
they stretch/deform during exhalation, forcing air out of alveoli & air ways