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Mechanisms - Coggle Diagram

- - - - A fixed pulley is balanced when the effort F is equal to the resistance of the
        load, R
  - - - A moveable pulley is balanced when it satisfies this equation
  - - - If we uase more polleys, the system becomes more complex, but less effort is needed to move the load
- - - - • Disc brakes consist of pads and a disc anached to the oblect that we want to slow down
        
        • Band brakes consist of a metal band that puts pressure on a drum attached to the axle of the object we want to slow down.
        
        • Drum brakes include one or two brake shoes that come into contact with the drum.
  - - - Springs work in different ways:
        
        • By compression. The spring is compressed, in a chair for example.
        
        • By traction. The spring is stretched, in a bed frame for example.
        
        • By torsion. The spring is twisted, in a clothes peg for example
  - - - Both types of clutch can be used in engines and machines with different gears:
        
        • Fi x ed connections are used to make permanent connectionsbetween axles and shafts
        
        • Movable connections are used to connect shafts that can move along the axle or at an angle to each other. There are two main types:
        Oldham iomts and Cardan joints.
  - - - • In bushings the axle or the shaft is inserted in a plain circular piece that is placed inside a housing to provide a bearing surface.
        
        • Bearings are made up of two concentric nngs with balls or rollers between them.
- - - - Telling the time
      - Entertaining children in the park
      - Transporting people from A to B
      - lifting and carrying objects
- - - - Friction drives are made up of two or more wheels that are in contact. The first wheel is called the primary drive wheel. When it moves, it turns or drives the second or output wheel, causing it to move as well
        
        The ratio between the rotation velocity of the wheels is expressed by the following equation
        N1 x D1= N2 x D2 -> D1/D2=N1/N2
        
        N1 and N2 are the velocities of the primary drive wheel and the output wheel
        D1 and D2 are the correspondind diameters
    - - They consist of two pulleys or wheels that are a certain distance apart. Their axles are parallel and they rotate simultaneously due to the effect
        of the belt. The rotation of one axle is transmitted to the other through the connected pulleys
    - - Cogwheels are sets of wheels that have teeth called cogs. The cogs fit into the spaces between the cogs of another wheel, so that one wheel moves the other.
        They transmit a rotary motion between the two connected axles
      - The ratio between the rotation velocity of the wheels is expressed by the following equation
        
        N1 x Z1=N2 x Z2 -> Z1/Z2=N1/N2
        
        N, and N, are the velocities of the corresponding wheels
        • Z , and Z, are the numbers of teeth.
    - - This is a screw that moves a helical cogwheel that is set perpendicular to the screw
      - A worm screw fulfills this equation
        
        N wheel= N screw x Z groovers/ Z wheel
        
        N wheel and N screw are the velocities of the wheel and of the screw.
        Z grooves is the number of grooves of the screw and Z wheel is the number of teeth of the wheel
    - - These are two cogwheels with parallel axles that are a certain distance apart, they rotate simultaneously by means of a metal chain or a toothed belt stretched over both wheels. The chain transmits the rotary motion of axle I to axle 2 by means of gears I and 2, and the two gears rotate in the same direction
        
        The ratio between the rotation velocity of the wheels is expressed by the following equation
        
        N1 x Z1=N2 x Z2 -> Z1/Z2=N1/N2
        
        • N an d N, are the velocities of the corresponding wheels
        • Z a nd Z, are the number of teeth
    - - This is a system of more than two gears, connected together as shown in the diagram
        
        N4/N1=Z1 x Z3//Z2 x Z4
        
        N1 and N4 are the velocities of the dnve wheel and the dnven wheel.
        Z1 Z2 Z3 and Z4 are the number of teeth on the wheels.
    - - It's a system of pulleys, or wheels, with a belt
        formed by more than two wheels.
        
        Pulleys 2 and 3 rotate at the same velocity
        
        The motion of pulley 3 is transmitted to pulley 4 by the belt that connects them.
        
        The rotary motion of axle l istransmitted to axle 2 by the belt that connects them
        
        All the wheels rotate m the same direction
        
        N4/N1 = D1 x D3/D2 x D4
        
        N1 and N4 are the respective velocities of the drive and driven pulleys.
        D1 D2 D3 and D4 are the diameters of each wheel.
- - - - This uses a pinion that is a small cogwheel, mounted on a rack that is a
        toothed belt or bar
        
        The ratio between the number of rotations of the pinion and the velocity of
        the movement of the rack is expressed by this equation:
        
        L= Px2xN
        
        • L is the velciaty of the rack's movement in millimetres per minute
        • P is the distance between two consecutive teeth in millimetres.
        • Z is the number of teeth in the pinion.
        • N is the number of rotations per minute of the pinion
    - - A crank is a bar attached to an axle that is used to turn it A winch and crank handle system consists of a drum that rotates and a crank handle that allows to pull or lift obiects.
        
        A winch is balanced when it satisfies this equation:
        
        Fxd = Rxr -> F = R x Rxr/d
        
        • F is the force applied and R, the resistance.
        • r is the radius of the winch and d, the length of the crank handle.
  - - - This is composed of a crank and a rod called a connecting rod or link. This rod has articulated Ioints at each end — one is connected to the
        crank and the other to the slider
        
        As the wheel rotates, the crank transmits the rotary motion to the connecting rod, which moves in a reciprocating motion.
    - - This is a set of connecting rods attached to a jointed axle. Each of the ioints of the axle acts as a crank.
        
        A crankshaft transforms the rotary motion of an axle into a reciprocating motion with different connecting rods moving at different times.
    - - This is basically a rotaing object
        
        A cern transforms rotary motion
        into reciprocating motion in the follower or a bar
    - - This consists of a wheel with an off-centre rotation axle that doesn't coincide with the centre of its circumference
        
        It transforms the rotary motion of the
        wheel into reciprocating motion in the follower