Chapter 1: Introduction of Tourism, Planning and Development

What is Tourism ?

  • social, cultural and economic phenomenon which entails the movement of people to countries or places outside their usual environment for personal or business/professional purposes.
    (WTO,1991)

What is Planning ?

  • a tool for destination area development, and a means for assessing the needs of a tourist receiving destination.
    (Gun, 1979)
  • Under/Low developed countries - helps to receive guidelines for future tourism development.
  • Developed countries - used to revitalize the tourism sector and maintain its future viability

Types of Planning Practices;

Economic development planning

Physical land use planning

Infrastructure planning

Social facility planning

Park & recreation planning

Corporate planning

Urban regional planning

What is Development

process where a society moves from one condition to another, and to the goal of that process; where the society may achieve condition or state of development.

Travel

  • An activity of travelers. A traveler is someone who moves between different geographic locations, for any purpose at any duration. The visitor is a particular type of traveler and consequently tourism is a subset of travel.

Evolution of Development

History

  • 1950 - the path of development relates to the series of economic steps or stages. resulting to development came to be defined according to economic measurements


  • 1960 - many countries economic growth was failed to solve social and political problems.


  • 1970 - the widespread of poverty and unemployment cause a new view to consider broader definition of development concept


  • 1980- the emergence of the concept of global sustainable development according to Brundtland Report.


  • 1990 - development as the enlargement of people’s choices, the most critical being to lead a long, healthy life, to acquire knowledge and to have access to the resources needed for a decent standard of living.


  • 2015 - Millennium Development Goals.


  • 2020 - Sustainable Development Goals, Transforming our World: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

Tourism Development Concepts

Noronha Stages

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  1. Discovery of an area by tourists.
  1. Tourists flows increase and host societies respond to the economic activity.
  1. Fully institutionalized.

Miossec Stages

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  1. Development of Facilities
  1. Development of Transport
  1. Development of Tourists Behavior
  1. Attitudes of decision makers and population of receiving regions.

Butlers Stages

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  1. Involvement
  1. Development
  1. Consolidation
  1. Stagnation
  1. Decline
  1. Exploration

Developed Stages of Countries Categories.

Developed Countries

Economies in Transition

Developing Countries

Least Developing Countries

Goals in Tourism Planning

Integration of all tourism development into the social, environment and economic life of a community.

Gun, (1979)

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Satisfactions to users

Rewards to owners

Protected utilization of environmental resources

Gunn & Var (2002)

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Improved economics and business success

Sustainable resource use

Community and Area integration

Enhanced Visitor Satisfaction

NURUL SYAZWANI BINTI RASLAN (2019848868)