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History of the Middle East (Part 5: Others), For much of history, the…

- - - - In 1602, the Safavids took Bahrain and proceeded to take other coastlines, and the remaining territories were taken by the sultanates of Oman and Muscat.
        
        Muscat was eventually conquered by Nader Shah (r. 1736-1747), but after his death the region became a battleground, with the Ottomans and British taking advantage and the English making Kuwait a profitable state.
    - - Although Oman prospered with trade in the 19th century, in the 20th it was made a British protectorate.
    - - When the Ottoman empire collapse, Qatar became a British protectorate and the rest of their land went to the newly formed Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
  - - - However, in the 1950’s plenty of oil was discovered in the region, so Oman and Kuwait declared independence in 1951 and 1961, respectively, with the other states soon following and the Trucial States becoming the United Arab Emirates.
    - - Since its 13 members produce 44% of the global oil and control 80% of its reserves, OPEC caused the Oil Crisis of 1973 in protest against the Yom Kippur War (1973).