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Adrenergic drugs or Stimulants - Coggle Diagram
Adrenergic drugs or Stimulants
Epinephrine
Side effects
-Dermatologic: Gangrene at the injection site (especially in buttocks), skin necrosis with extravasation
Endocrine: Hyperglycemia, hypokalemia, lactic acidosis
Central nervous system (CNS): Anxiety, dizziness, nervousness, agitation, headache, Parkinson’s disease exacerbation
-Cardiovascular: Arrhythmias, chest pain, hypertension, palpitations, tachycardia, cerebrovascular accidents, ventricular ectopy
-Gastrointestinal: Nausea, vomiting, increase in AST and ALT
-Respiratory: Dyspnea, pulmonary edema
Storage Conditions
As Epinephrine is sensitive light is should be stored in closed containers and dark place
store at temperature of 68-77 degrees Celsius
Contraindications
contraindications include hypersensitivity to sympathomimetic drugs, closed-angle glaucoma, anesthesia with halothane.
Indications
used in emergencies to treat very serious allergic reactions to insect stings/bites, foods, drugs, or other substances
-used in asthmatic attack
-symptomatic bradycardia
croup
Mechanism of action
increased heart rate from kidney
smooth and cardiac muscle contration
Route of Administration
Epinephrine is injection route
It can be administered in intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous
Norepinephrine
Side effects
Arrhythmias
Bradycardia – as a reflex to the increase in blood pressure
Myocardial, mesenteric, renal or peripheral (digital) ischaemia – can manifest as acute myocardial infarction, gastrointestinal infarction, decreased urine output/creatinine clearance or gangrene
Storage Conditions
store vials below 25°C.
Do not freeze.
Protect from light
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to noradrenaline or sulfites (some brands contain sodium metabisulfite)
Hypotension due to uncorrected hypovolaemia
Indications
To increase blood pressure in acute, severe, hypotensive states when low systemic vascular resistance persists despite adequate fluid resuscitation
Noradrenaline is the vasopressor of choice for managing septic shock - It is used in specific hypotension and an adjunct to treat cardiac arrest
Mechanism of action
Noradrenaline is a vasoconstrictor that predominantly stimulates α1 receptors to cause peripheral vasoconstriction and increase blood pressure.
It also has some β1 receptor agonist activity that results in a positive inotropic effect on the heart at higher doses.
Route of Administration
Administer continuous intravenous infusion through a central access line.
Infusions should be administered via a syringe driver or infusion pump, preferably with medication error reduction software enabled.
Avoid administration in lines where other drugs or fluids may be bolused or flushed.
Dopamine
Side Effects
Heart arrhythmias that can be life-threatening
Kidney damage
Gangrene of digits at the higher doses.
Storage Conditions
Avoid contact with alkalies (including sodium bicarbonate), oxidizing agents or iron salts.
Store at 20° to 25°C
Contraindications
acidosis, a high level of acid in the blood
blockage or closing off of blood vessels
decreased oxygen in the tissues or blood
hypersensitive to Dopamine
Route of Administration
Dopamine is administered intravenously
Mechanism of action
The effects of this drug depend on it dose
At low doses it acts through the sympathetic nervous system to increase heart muscle contraction force and heart rate, thereby increasing cardiac output and blood pressure.
Higher doses also cause vasoconstriction that further increases blood pressure.
Indication
Dopemine is available as ageneric and is used to treat which and heart failure
Dobutamine
Contraindications
Do not take this drug if you have the following side effects diarrhoea
high blood pressure, heart attack, low amputation of sodium in the blood and decrease blood volume
Indication
Dobutamine is used to treat heart failure and shock
Side Effects
low blood pressure
chest pain
fast and low heart beat
shortness of breath and troubling of breathing
Mechanism of action
increases myocardial contractility, while the reflex reduction in sympathetic tone, in response to augmentation of stroke volume, leads to a decrease in total peripheral resistance
Storage Conditions
Store Dobutamine in Store at 20 to 25°C
Route of Administration
Dobutamine is injection route
Labetalol
Indication
This drug is another anti- hypertensive , but is used for severe hypertension
Storage Conditions
should be stored between 2° and 30°C
Labetalol Tablets in the unit dose boxes should be protected from excessive moisture.
Side Effects
low blood pressure
nausea
headache
dizzness
Contraindications
not permitted to people with cardiac failure, greater-than-first-degree heart beat.
And those with hypersensitive to the drug
Mechanism of action
Labetalol competitively binds to alpha-1-adrenergic receptors in vascular smooth muscle,
thereby inhibiting the adrenergic stimuendothelial cell function and vasoconstriction in peripheral blood vessels.
Route of Administration
is injection route.
it can be administered in intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous