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Antidiabetic drugs - Coggle Diagram
Antidiabetic drugs
Acarbose
Controindications
- The manufacturer recommends that acarbose not be used during lactation as small amounts of acarbose or its metabolites are excreted into the breast milk in animals.
- Safety and efficacy of acarbose in children have not been established.
- The most important things is to consult a doctor before using this type of antidiabetic drug.
- during pregnancy a acarbose should be used but only if needed.
side effects
- A preson can experience the following side effects diarrhoea, abdominal discomfort/pain may occur as your body adjusts to this medication during the first few weeks.
- These side effects usually lessen with time. If any of these effects last or get worse, tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly.
Indication
- this type of antidiabetic drug is used to treat the symptoms of type 2 of diabetes mellitus
- Acarbose is used as part to complete the treatment of diabetes mellitus and is prescribe with other medication to make the effectiveness
- used with a proper diet and exercise program to control high blood sugar in people with type 2 diabetes. Controlling high blood sugar helps prevent kidney damage, blindness, nerve problems, loss of limbs, and sexual function problems.
Mechanism of action
- Inhibit carbohydrate degradation in intestinal villa.
Route of Administration
- Acarbose is oral administration drug
- Administer with the first bite of each main meal.
Do not administer the dose if the patient does not have adequate oral dietary intake
Mechanism of action
- Inhabit carbohydrate degradation in intestinal villa
Metformin
Contraindications
- don't skip meals
- If you are person who exercise a lot you need extra snacks to prevention blood sugar
- Don't change the route and dose of metformin without consulting the prescriber
- Avoid alcohol consumption as it increases the risk of lactic acidosis
Storage Conditions
- Protect from moisture and light
- store between the temperature of 15-30 degrees Celsius
- keep out of the reach of children in container
Indications
- Metformin can be used in order to prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus
-It can be used either as monotherapy or combination therapy with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist , sodium-glucose co-transporter inhibitor , dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, thiazolidinedione , sulfonylurea , and insulin
- Metformin is sometimes used in T1DM to limit insulin dose requirement
Side Effects
- probability of lactic acidosis
- adverse gastrointestinal effects
- It can cause lactic acidosis which is accumulation of acid in the body
- You may experience difficultly in breathing
Mechanism o f action
- Block liver gluconeogenesis
- Increases skeletal muscle uptake
- Decreases the absorption of glucose in the intestinal mucosa
Route of Administration
- Metformin is oral route
- Metformin should be taken with meals to help reduce stomach or bowel side effects that may occur during the first few weeks of treatment.
Glicazida
Side Effects
- You may experience the following side effects headache, irritability, sweating, fast heart beat , diarrhea.If it happens that don't end consult doctor for further.
- Risk of hypoglycemia
- Rick of weight loss
Storage Conditions
- should be stored in temperature of 15-30 degrees Celsius
- keep in closed containers
Indication
- GLUCOTROL is indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Contraindications
- A person with Type 1 diabete
- A person who is Hypersensitivity to sulfonylureas
- A women who is Pregnancy and or in lactation period
Mechanism of action
- Increase insulin secretion by activating B alpha cell SUR1
Route of Administration
- This type of antidiabetic drug is administered in oral route
Nateglinide
Indication
- Nateglinide tablets are indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Contraindications
- people with type 1 diabetes mellitus
- people who are hypersensitive to this drug
- people with diabetic ketoacidosis
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Side Effects
- Rick of weight gain
- Rick of hypoglycemia
- Complex dosing schedule
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Route of Administration
- This type of antidiabetic drug is administered in oral route
Exenatide
Contraindications
- Should not be used to people with type 1 diabetes mellitus
- poeple who are hypersensitive to Exenatide or any product component
- Exenatide should not be used in patient with renal impairement
Side Effects
- Gastrointestinal side effects
- Administration by subcutaneous injection
- Rick of hypoglycemia if it's mixed with sulfonylurea. In this case the dose of Exenatide should be low
Indication
- is used to adjunct to diet and exercise to improve gylcemic control in adult with type 2 diabetes mellitus
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Mechanism
- Binds to GIP-1 receptor, causing: increase insulin , delayed gastric emptying and satiety
Route of Administration
- This drug is administered in subcutaneous route
- Exenatide immediate-release solution is usually injected twice a day within 60 minutes before the morning and evening meals; do not inject it after meals.
Sitagliptin
Contraindications
- People with low blood pressure
- people who are hypersensitive to sitagliptin
- People with acute inflammation of the pancreas
- People with chronic inflammation of the pancreas
- People with kidney disease with likely reduction in kidney function
- People with chronic kidney disease stage 4 (severe)
Indications
- used with a proper diet and exercise program and possibly with other medications to control high blood sugar
- It is used in people with type 2 diabetes.
- Sitagliptin is a diabetes drug that works by increasing levels of natural substances called incretins
Side Effects
- Gastrointestinal side effects which includes diarrhea and constipation
- some people can have headache, runny nose, vomiting, sore throat, low blood sugar, back pain and ect
Mechanism of action
- Increase incretin concentration
- Increase insulin secretion
- Decreases glucagon secretion
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Pioglitazone
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Contraindications
Pioglitazone is not suitable for people who :
- have had an allergic reaction to pioglitazone or any other medicines in the past
- have liver or heart problems
- have or have ever had bladder cancer or blood in your pee
- have illnesses caused by your diabetes, including macular oedema (a swelling at the back of your eye)
- have a condition such as osteoporosis or osteopenia that affects your bones
Mechanism of action
- Activators of the Platypus
- Increase insulin sensitivity in muscle, hepatic and adipose tissue
- Increase glucose uptake in peripheral tissues
Side Effects
- Rick of weight gain
- Rick of eodema
- Rick of heart failure
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