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Mitosis - Coggle Diagram
Mitosis
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Centrosomes & centrioles
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centrosome is an organelle that will play a key role in orchestrating mitosis. 2 in each cell, each contains 2 centrioles
plants generally don't have centrosomes with centrioles instead they have a different type of microtubule organising centre (MTOC)
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Cytokinesis
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animal cells
ring of contractile proteins (actin) cause the plasma membrane to fold inwards & nips in the cytoplasm, creating 2 cells
plant cells
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their contents are deposited to form an end plate & cellulose cell-wall material is laid down on either side of this end plate, a new plasma membrane material is also laid down
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once the 2 daughter cells are formed they will independently enter G1 phase of interphase, some cells will continue the cycle & divide again (e.g. cells in developing embryo) others will enter G0 & differentiate
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Metaphase (middle)
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Metaphase checkpoint
before proceeding to anaphase cell will check to ensure all chromosomes are at equator & chromosomes correctly attached to spindle fibre microtubules
helps ensure that the sister chromatid will split evenly between the 2 daughter cells when they separate in anaphase
if chromosomes not correctly aligned or attached cell will halt division process until problem is fixed
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Anaphase (apart)
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each chromatid is moved to poles when spindle fibre contract with help of motor proteins which 'walk' along spindle fibre microtubules & carry the chromosomes
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anaphase results in each pole getting a full set of chromosomes which are identical to the chromosomes at he other pole
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Telophase
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once separated chromatids reach their poles the spindle fibres begin to disintegrate into their building blocks as they're no longer needed
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function of mitosis
growth
all multicellular organism grow by producing more cells that are genetically identical to each other & to the parent cell from which they arose by mitosis
repair
wounds heal when growth factors, secreted by platelets & macrophages (white blood cells) & damaged cells of the blood-vessel walls, stimulate proliferation of endothelial & smooth muscle cells to repair damaged blood cells
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Prophase
Early Prophase
DNA supercoils into shorter, more condensed structure (classic X chromosome shape - consisting of 2 sister chromatids joined by centromere)
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spindle fibre form from the centrioles (animals) or directly from cytoplasm (plants - from the MTOC)
Late Prophase
chromosomes continue to condense, becoming even more compact
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