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The 13 Disability Categories under IDEA Assistive technologies and…

- - - - Scanning software and hand reading pens.
      - Text-to-speech software
      - Audiobooks
      - Speech recognition software
      - OCR Scanning with Text-to-Speech electronic reader
      - Computer based learning programs
      - Noise Canceling Headphones
      - Color Overlays
      - Special Fonts (OpenDyslexic, Dyslexie)
    - - Grade students on the content that needs to be mastered not reading fluency
      - Provide them alternative testing methods such as circle the answer instead of fill in the blank
      - Let students be prepared ahead of time
      - Extended time for tests
  - - - Word processing software
      - Proofreading programs
      - Digital Recorders for Oral/Dictated Responses
      - Idea Mapping Software (Inspiration, Kidspiration, XMind)
      - Dictation Headset
      - Portable word processor
      - Scribe
      - Talking Word Processors (Talk Typer)
      - Word Banks
      - Preprinted words or phrases for sentence construction
      - Electronic dictionary and thesaurus
    - - Give allowances for writng amounts
      - Find suitable writing material (tools and methods)
      - build writing stratergies with students
      - Break up writing tasks
      - Provide rubrics
  - - - Personal listening devices
      - Captioning (allows kids to follow what is being said)
      - Noise-canceling headphones (white noise too)
      - Audio recorders
      - remote microphone hearing system (RMHA)
      - Computer-based training: (Fast ForWord Home)
    - - check in with students an reassure them
      - Use more visual materials in class
      - Provide quiet environments
      - Make sure class instructions are clear with use of highlighted material and simple instructions
  - - - PECS – Picture Exchange Communication System
      - VOCAs-Voice Output Communication Aids
      - mind mapping software
      - Intellikeys
      - Tablets and other smart devises
    - - Break complex language such as jokes or words with multiple meanings down
      - Class and daily schedules must be given to students
      - provide written instructions with clear expectations
      - Use rubrics for assignments
      - Teach social skills by prompts and precorrection
      - create non verbal signals with the student
      - shorten homework assignments
  - - - Extra time on tests
      - Teach a Self talk routine
      - Provide visual aids
      - Allow students to complete problems in their own way
    - - Math software (Mathtype)
      - Electronic math worksheets
      - Rekenrek aka Arithmetic Rack
      - Talking calculators
      - Math Text-to-Speech (TTS) & Speech to Text
      - Manipulative Blocks
      - Virtual and real Math Fact Cards
      - Graphing Tools
- - - - Other characteristics often associated with autism are engagement in repetitive activities and stereotyped movements, resistance to environmental change or change in daily routines, and unusual responses to sensory experiences.
  - - - People with autism struggle with social interaction, sensory processing, and communication.
        
        Difficulties with processing spoken and written language (including challenges with some types of math such as word problems)
        
        Sensory challenges that can make fluorescent lights, buzzers, and other ordinary noises painful and sitting still particularly difficult
        
        Executive functioning difficulties making it hard to manage schedules, stay on task, and plan projects
      - Autism can look different from person to person.
      - A few years ago, the official definition of autism changed — Asperger’s is no longer a diagnosis.
      - More than 30% are diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
      - up to 40% experience some level of anxiety
  - - - Assistive technology refers to the devices and services that are used to increase, maintain, or improve the capabilities of a student with a disability (Dell, Newton, & Petroff, 2012)
    - - https://www.verywellhealth.com/assistive-technology-for-autism-5076159
      - Basic communication
      - Reading, writing, and math
      - Telling time and managing schedules
      - Learning and using social skills
      - Managing sensory challenges
      - Staying safe
        
        door chains
        
        baby gates
        
        latches
        
        ID bracelets and tracking devices
      - vActivities of daily living (managing household chores and self-care)
    - - Low Tech (needs no electricity)
        
        weighted vests
        
        sensory balls
        
        picture boards
        
        Cuisenaire rods
        
        alphabet blocks
        
        trampolines
        
        swings
        
        brushes
        
        balls
        
        tinted glasses
        
        ball pits
        
        "squeeze machines"
      - Mid Tech (simple enough to be relatively inexpensive and easy to operate)
        
        battery-operated sensory toys
        
        visual timers
        
        social skills videos
        
        apps for both augmentative communication and speech therapy
        
        Proloquo2Go by Assistiveware
        
        TouchChat HD by Prentke Romich Company
        
        Articulation Station
        
        LAMP Words for Life
        
        watches with alarms
        
        sound-blocking headphones
        
        calculators
        
        audiobooks and recordings can be a great way to replay lectures or instructions
        
        videos can be a good alternative to written books or spoken lectures
        
        video modeling
        
        Model Me Kids
        
        The Social Express
      - High Tech (digital technology)
        
        augmentative communication technology for non-verbal people
        
        robots built to increase social skills in children on the spectrum
        
        mind mapping software like Lucidchart
        
        Speech to text software
        
        Dragon Home
        
        LiveScribe
        
        Kiwi, a “socially assistive robot”
        
        QTrobot
        
        Human-shaped robots
- - - - Behavior charts
    - - BrainPop
      - Inspiration
        (a website helping learners build thinking, comprehension and communication skills)
      - Nintendo Wii
        (release emotion; improve social skill)
    - - MotivAider
        (keep focused; behavior change)
      - Quit Light
      - Learning to get along(CD)
- - - - education focused on learning daily living skills and how to be independent
- - - - Students with epilepsy, asthma and other conditions in the other health impairment category may have little or no adverse impact on educational performance when their conditions are properly medicated.
    - - Predominantly Inattentive AD/HD Characteristics
        
        Does not pay attention to detail and often makes mistakes across a number of activities
        
        Has difficulty maintaining attention during activities
        
        Does not complete schoolwork or other assigned activities
        
        Has difficulty with organization of activities
        
        Avoids activities that require mental effort or concentration
        
        Loses materials necessary to complete assignments
        
        Easily distracted
        
        Forgetful in many activities
      - Predominately Hyperactive-Impulsive AD/HD Characteristics
        
        Fidgets or squirms in seat
        
        Gets up or leaves seat frequently during class
        
        Runs about or climbs when inappropriate, and is generally restless
        
        Difficulty in engaging in play activities quietly
        
        Talks excessively
        
        Blurts out answers
        
        Has difficulty waiting for their turn
        
        Interrupts others
      - Combined Type AD/HD Characterstics
        
        Students with the combined type of AD/HD will have some features of both the inattentive type and the hyperactive-impulsive type of AD/HD. This is the largest population of students carrying the AD/HD label.
        
        Assistive Technologies that can be helpful in strengthening and supporting the organizational abilities
        
        Recommended computer programs and apps: https://www.healthline.com/health/adhd/top-iphone-android-apps
        
        Personal digital assistants
        
        Dividers
        
        Dictating machines
        
        Notebooks
        
        Teaching Strategies
        
        Allow extra time for these students to shift from one activity or environment to the next.
        
        Teach these students specific techniques for organizing their thoughts and materials. Organize the classroom accordingly, and keep all materials in permanent locations for easy access.
        
        Allow extra time for finishing assignments or for testing.
        
        For more complex activities, simplify steps to make them more manageable.
        
        Seat the student close to the teacher and away from any peers that might be distracting.
        
        Post a daily and weekly schedule that clearly delineates each activity. These schedules can then be used as prompts to direct the student back on task.
        
        Keep these schedules as consistent as possible, and keep unstructured time at a minimum.
        
        Teach students to create their own goals and objectives to help them learn how to manage their lives across any number of environments and activities.
        
        1.) Clearly define your goal.
        
        2.) Develop objectives to achieve this goal.
        
        1 more item...
        
        https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dd62-eL0JYI
        
        Additional Resources for Differentiating Learning
        
        https://www.readandspell.com/us/strategies-for-students-with-ADHD
        
        https://childdevelopmentinfo.com/learning/learning_disabilities/teacher/#gs.xxa3zb
        
        http://www.ldonline.org/article/8797/
        
        https://www.edutopia.org/blog/bridging-the-adhd-gap-merle-huerta
        
        https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ktb520seHYk
        
        https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iw2QCcm0yIA
      - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5l2RIOhDXvU
- - - - Blindshell phone
      - Lucia Cell Phone
    - - Computers for the Blind
      - NVDA Screen Reader
    - - Accessible Instructional Materials Library
      - New England Consortium on Deafblindness
    - - iOS 11 Magnifier
      - Be My Eyes - visual assistance through live video call
      - Microsoft Seeing AI - free app that narrates the world around you
      - BLINDWAYS - Uses GPS to help navigate short distances such as finding an exact bus stop
      - EyeNote - Free Currency Identification App
    - - AdaptiVision
      - Freedom Scientific
      - Zoomtext
- - - - Sign Language
      - Body Language
      - Gestures
    - - Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS)
      - Picture/Communication boards
      - Pen and paper
    - - Electronic Fluency Devices (DAF or FAF)
      - Electronic communication boards
      - Smartphone apps
      - Computer software
- - - - low technology
        
        voice recording device, calendars, larger print, checklists, labels, sitting @ front of classroom, ear plugs
      - high technology
        
        speech generating device, smart pens
      - mid technology
        
        writing assistance (Dragon), word prediction, smart phone/Palm Pilot, noise cancelling headphones
      - Resources: BrainLine, Illinois Library, Where It's At, Pate rehabilitation
- - - - Intellectual disability and blindness
      - Mental retardation and orthopedic impairment
      - Locomotor disability and speech impairment.
    - - https://youtu.be/X34jC73JihY
      - A multi-disciplinary team consisting of the parents, educational specialists, and medical specialists should work together to plan and coordinate necessary services to be given to a student with multiple disabilities.
      - If required, professionals like occupational therapists, speech/language therapist etc. should also be involved.
      - A buddy system should be created.
      - School and home must be made easily accessible
      - Keep doing research on Assistive Devices that could be of help
        
        Adaptive Equipment to Promote Literacy
        
        IntelliTools incorporates multimedia modeling, animation, and auditory support to assist students to develop challenging concepts.
        
        IntelliKeys offer a programmable keyboard that allows students who can't use the traditional keyboard and mouse to develop literacy skills through pictures and text on a computer.
        
        Clicker5 is a writing-support tool that enables student to write sentences by selecting words, phrases and pictures. You can even hear words spoken by realistic software speech before you write; and hear completed sentences spoken back to you!
        
        Smart Boards, interactive white boards, are a presentation system consisting of a whiteboard, computer, projector and tools. These include free web resources, commercially available software and alternative access devices for both a keyboard and a mouse.
      - Be patient. Children with learning disabilities are slow learners. Give time to the child to do things as her own pace
      - And most importantly… be hopeful. With your help, your child can live a good and meaningful life .
- - - - Types of Impairments
        
        Caused by a congenital anomaly
        (e.g., clubfoot, absence of some member, etc.)
        
        Caused by disease
        (e.g., poliomyelitis, bone tuberculosis, etc.)
        
        Caused from other causes
        (e.g., cerebral palsy, amputations, and fractures or burns that cause contractures)
  - - - Students with multiple disabilities, hearing impairments, orthopedic impairments, visual impairments, traumatic brain injuries, and deaf-blindness each accounted for 2 percent or less of those served under IDEA.
  - - - A neuromotor impairment is an abnormality of, or damage to, the brain, spinal cord, or nervous system that sends impulses to the muscles of the body.
        
        These motor problems can include limited limb movement, loss of urinary control, and loss of proper alignment of the spine. The two most common types of neuromotor impairments are cerebral palsy and spina bifida.
        
        Cerebral palsy refers to several nonprogressive disorders of voluntary movement or posture that are caused by malfunction of or damage to the developing brain that occurs before or during birth or within the first few years of life.
        
         Spastic
        
         Athetoid
        
         Ataxic
        
         Mixed
        
        Cerebral palsy classified by which limbs (arms and legs) are affected
        
        Hemiplegia
        
        Diplegia
        
        Paraplegia
        
        Quadriplegia
        
        Spina bifida is an abnormal opening in the spinal column and frequently involves some paralysis of various portions of the body.
        
        Spina bifida occulta
        
        Spina bifida cystica
    - - Degenerative diseases are composed of various diseases that affect motor development.
        
        Muscular dystrophy
    - - Musculoskeletal disorders are composed of various conditions that can result in various levels of physical limitations
        
        Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
        
        Limb deficiency
  - - - Disease
      - Severity
      - Individual factors
  - - - Special seating arrangements to develop useful posture and movements
      - Instruction focused on development of gross and fine motor skills
      - Securing suitable augmentative communication and other assistive devices
      - Awareness of medical condition and its effect on the student
    - - Occupational Therapists who work on fine motor skills
      - Speech-Language Pathologists who work with the student on problems with speech and language
      - Physical Therapists who work on gross motor skills
      - Adapted Physical Education Teachers, who are specially trained PE teachers who work along with the OT and PT to develop an exercise program to help students with disabilities
      - Other Therapists (Massage Therapists, Music Therapists, etc.)
  - - - canes
      - walkers
      - crutches
      - wheelchairs
      - specialized exercise equipment
      - specialized chairs, desks, and tables for proper posture development
    - - speech recognition software
      - screen reading software
      - augmentative and alternative communication devices
      - academic software packages for students with disabilities