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Common conditions in physiotherapy, Referencias Lara,V. (2008).…

- - - - the immune system breaks down the protective covering of nerves
        
        nerve damage disrupts communication between the brain and the body.
        
        symptom
        
        vision loss, pain, fatigue, and decreased coordination
    - - spasticity
      - Muscular weakness
      - gait disturbances
  - - - occurs when neurons do not produce quantity
        enough dopamine
        
        symptoms appear first on one side of the body
        and then on the other
        
        Stiffness in arms, legs and trunk
        Balance and coordination problems
        Tremors in the hands, arms, legs, and jaw
        Slow movement
        
        Goals of physiotherapeutic treatment
        
        Facilitate the execution and control of movements
        Prevent musculotendinous retractions
        promote the independence of the patient
        
        intervention
  - - - causes the cerebral motor cortex does not develop normally during the growth of the fetus, there is an injury to the brain before, during, or after birth
        
        affects movement, balance, and posture
        
        types of cerebral palsy
        
        Spastic cerebral palsy, dyskinetic cerebral palsy, ataxic cerebral palsy, mixed cerebral palsy
    - - weight transfer
      - mobilizations
      - biomechanical aids
  - - - producing paralysis in voluntary mobility
        
        there is absence of sensation below the affected area
        
        it may be the result of an occupational or sports accident or tumor, infectious disease
        
        It can also be by congenital origin
        (spina bifida)
        
        cervical level injuries: Tetraplegia (loss or decreased sensation)
        
        voluntary upper and lower extremities and the entire trunk.
        
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        thoracic and lumbar injuries: PARAPLEJIA, lack of sensation and / or total or partial paralysis of the lower extremities
        
        lesion at the level of the cauda equina: The most notable sequela is the loss of control over the sphincters and the alteration in the sexual sphere
  - - - caused when abnormal cell division produces extra genetic material from chromosome 21
        
        symptom
        
        Flattened face
        Small head
        Short neck
        Low muscle tone
        Wide, short hands with a single palm fold
    - - psychomotor
      - bobath
      - hippotherapy
- - - - arteries harden as they endure high blood pressure on an ongoing basis
    - - however angina pectoris may appear
    - - Improved lifestyle habits
        
        healthy diet
        
        increase the practice of physical exercise
        
        weight control
        
        avoid the consumption of alcohol and tobacco.
  - - - is caused by hardening of the arteries (arteriosclerosis)
        
        Risk factors:
        
        Genetic conditions
        
        tachycardia
        
        Metabolic disorders
    - - Physical exercise
      - BORG SCALE
  - - - in this the brain cannot receive nutrients and oxygen
        
        Brain cells can die, causing permanent damage
        
        Causes:
        
        blocked artery (ischemic stroke)
        
        leaking or rupturing of a blood vessel (hemorrhagic stroke)
        
        symptom
        
        Difficulty speaking
        
        Paralysis or numbness of the face
        
        Trouble seeing in one or both eyes
        
        Headache
        
        Trouble walking
    - - Motor exercises -->
        help improve muscle strength and coordination.
      - Restriction-induced therapy.
      - Functional electrical stimulation
  - - - Causes:
        
        Congenital heart disease
        
        Heart attack Leaky or narrow heart valves.
        
        Infection that weakens the myocardium
        
        abnormal heart rhythms
      - can occur when the heart does not pump (systole) or fill (diastole) correctly
        
        symptom:
        
        Shortness of breath (dyspnea) Fatigue and weakness.
        
        Swelling (edema) in the legs, ankles, and feet.
        
        Fast or irregular heartbeat
        
        Less ability to exercise.
  - - - appears after rheumatic fever
        
        giving the body's response to a strep throat or tonsil infection.
        
        causes:
        complication of a strep infection that was not treated or was insufficiently treated
        
        symptom
        
        Trouble breathing.
        
        Chest pain.
        
        Swelling (edema) in the feet and ankles.
        
        Cough.
        
        Heart murmur
      - Physiotherapy treatment
- - - - Directed breathing exercises: EDIC, RIM,
      - Education of cough to promote the expulsion of mucus: TEF,
      - Vibration: Flutter, A- Capella ..
      - Make the rib cage, the MMII and the MMSS more flexible, to achieve a readjustment to the efforts
  - - - Physiotherapy treatment
        
        Improves ventilation and oxygenation in patients with ARDS mechanically ventilated.
        
        The maneuver is mainly aimed at the recruitment of poorly aerated units, since the non-aerated area is not susceptible to treatment with this technique and the normally aerated and hyperinflated areas can experience an overdistention effect.
  - - - Diaphragmatic respiratory reeducation (DRR)
        
        Its purpose is to recover the diaphragmatic ventilatory pattern as an essential element of respiration, combined with slow nasal breathing and lengthening expiration.
      - Papworth method
        
        It consists of using a diaphragmatic breathing pattern combined with adequate relaxation and education to reduce hyperventilation and hyperinflation, increase
        
        CO2 levels and reduce the effects of hypocapnia,
        
        As well as symptoms related to bronchospasm
      - Pranayama breath
        
        it is the breath commonly used in the different yoga modalities.
        
        It consists of taking deep breaths through the diaphragm, with a slow respiratory rate using the nose
      - Buteyko Technique
        
        Consists of taking breaths through the nose to control ventilation; by means of ventilatory pauses, the tension of alveolar and arterial CO2 is increased.
        
        With the aim of reducing bronchospasm, normalizing the breathing pattern and reducing the sensation of dyspnea
  - - - Physiotherapy treatment
        
        Postural drainage of the bronchopulmonary segments
        
        It consists of placing the patient in such a way that the bronchi to be drained are as vertical as possible.
        
        Clapping
        
        facilitates the release of bronchial secretions.
        
        At the peripheral level, contractility and muscle tone increase,
        
        decreases nervous excitability and increases vascularity.
        
        Vibrations
        
        They consist of the application of vibratory waves on the rib cage, the emitting force can be the hand or a vibrating device.
        
        Management of the respiratory exerciser or incentive inspirometer
        
        The patient places the mouthpiece of the inspirometer in his mouth; takes diaphragmatic or costal inspiration, raising the emboli or balls
        
        The mouthpiece is removed from the mouth to breathe out, followed by a compensating pause, and then continue the cycle.
  - - - Physiotherapy treatment
        
        Respiratory physiotherapy (percussion, vibration, postural drainage)
        
        intermittent positive pressure breathing, assisted coughing, and support
        
        External breathing in adult patients
  - - - Physiotherapy treatment
        
        Postural drainage and chest percussion
- - - - Intervention
        
        Exercise for effective and controlled coughing
        
        Stationary bike: Allows you to measure and control effort
        
        pursed lip breathing
        
        Hydrotherapy
  - - - Stretching exercises.
      - Strengthening exercises
  - - - Inflammation may pinch the nerve
        
        Causes
        
        Median nerve provides sensation and movement to the side of the hand in which you are
        Perform the same hand and wrist movement over and over again
        
        Bone fractures and arthritis of the wrist
        Cyst or tumor
        infections
        obesity
        
        Physical therapy treatment
        
        Improved posture
        
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        Short and frequent breaks
        
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        Reduction of inflammation
        
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        Improved range of motion
        
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        Symptoms
        
        pain
        numbness
        Tingling or weakness
        weakness
        
        Risk factors
        
        Anatomical factors
        sex
        Inflammatory conditions
        Medicines
  - - - May occur
        
        As a result of injury or inflammation
        
        With age as the tendon loses elasticity.
        
        Causes
        
        Repetition of a particular movement over time
        Rheumatoid arthritis
        Diabetes
        
        Physical therapy treatment
        
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        Commonly affected sites
        
        The elbow
        The heel (Achilles tendonitis)
        The knee
        The shoulder
        The thumb
        The dol
        
        symptoms
        
        Pain and tenderness just outside the joint
        Reduced range of motion
        sensitivity
        Mild swelling
        
        Risk factors
        
        age
        profession
        sport