Phonics
Definition:
Characteristics:
Impact:
Struggles:
Teaching Strategies:
Forms a direct connection between phonology and orthography. (Glaser & Moats, 2008)
Defines the code-emphasis necessary for reading. (Glaser & Moats, 2008)
Defines the relationship between sounds (phonemes) and the letters (graphemes) used to represent them in written language.
Blending: Join individual sounds to form a word, for example, /p/ + /a/ + /t/ = "pat".
Find the letter-sound relationships within words, for example, know that the letter a represents the /a/ sound in the word "ant".
Decode words by finding the grapheme for each phoneme within the word to spell it.
Read sight words such as, "this, have, in, for, etc".
Ensure that learners have established a phonemic awareness foundation.
Give children sufficient opportunities to practice and apply the knowledge that they have learned.
Teach children the relationship between phonemes and their corresponding graphemes.
Some children have developed phonemic awareness without sufficient exposure to the letter-sound correspondences.
Some learners struggle to decode words.
It is difficult to find the grapheme correspondence for a long vowel sound.
Speech and sight impairments cause difficulties when learning phonics.
Children will develop automatic sight recognition of words. (Glaser & Moats, 2008)
Assists with learning to spell and read.
Children will learn how to decode words.
Phonics teaches children the rules of pronunciation.
Children will learn how the alphabetic system works for writing. (Treiman, 2018)
Teachers should implement Systematic and Explicit forms of instruction when teaching phonics. (Glaser & Moats, 2008)
Teach children the patterns of the syllables in words and sentences.
Some graphemes look similar and are difficult to distinguish.
There is a grapheme for each phoneme and a phoneme for each grapheme.