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Chapter 3 ( 3.1) construct IP addressing and subnetting Summary - Coggle…
Chapter 3 ( 3.1) construct IP addressing and subnetting Summary
Convert between binary and decimal numbering systems
Positional Notation
First row: identifies the number base or radix
Decimal is 10, Binary is 2 ,radix will be 2
The 2nd row considers the position of the number starting with 0 . These number also represent the exponential value that will be used to calculate the positional value (4th row)
The 3rd row calculates the positional value by taking the radix and raising it by the exponential value of its position
n^0 is always = 1
The positional value is listed in the 4th row
Binary to Decimal Conversion
Enter the 8-bit binary number of each octet under the positional value of row 1
Then calculate to produce decimal
IPv4 Addresses
Binary numbering system : numbers 0 & 1 called bits
-expressed in 32 binary bits divided into 4 (8 bits) octet
expressed in dotted decimal notation
Decimal to Binary Conversion
use the positional chart
Check first if the number if greater than 128 bit
NO : 0 is placed in this position
YES: 1 is a placed in this position
128 is subtracted from the original number and the reminder is then checked against the next position (64)
If less : 0 is placed
If greater: 1 is placed and 64 is subtracted and the process is repeated until all positional values have been entered.
Implement an IPv4 addressing scheme
IPv4 Communication
Unicast : One to one
Broadcast : One to all
Multicast : One to a select group
The prefix lenght
Shortest method of expressing the subnet mask
equals number of bits is 1
written in slash notation / followed b the number of network bits
example : /24
Network and host portion
Composed of a network portion and host portion
All devices on the same network must have the identical network portion
The Subnet Mask
Identifies the network / host portion of the IPv4 address
Unique IPv4 address of the host
Default gateway - IP address of the local router interface
A 1 in the subnet mask indicates that the corresponding bit in the IPv4 address ia network bit.
Logical AND
Used to determines the Network Address
Logical AND of two bits : 1 AND 1= 1 0 AND 1 = 0
0 AND 0 = 0
1 AND 0= 0
Static IPv4 address assignment to a Host
Some devices like printers,servers and network devices require a fixed IP address
Host in a small network
:Network , Host And Broadcast Addresses
Network
Host portion is all 0s (.00000000)
First Host
Host portion is all 0s and ends with a 1 ( .00000001)
Broadcast addresses
Host potion is all 1s (.111111111)
Last Host
Host portion is all 1s and ends with a 0 (.11111110)
Dynamic IPv4 address assignment to a Host
Use Dynamic Host Configuration protocol(DHCP)
If the host is powered down or taken off the network, the address is returned to the pool for reuse.
Provides an I[v4 address, subnet mask , default gateway and other configuration information
leases the addresses to hosts for a certain lenght of time
Public and Private IPv4
No routable
Used only in internal networks
Must be translated to a public IPv4 to be routable
Defined by RC 1918
Special User IPv4
loopback addresses : to test if the TCP/IP configuration is operational
Link-Local addresses :
Automatic Private IP Addressing (AIPIPA) addressing
Used by Windows client to self configure if no DHCP server available
Test-Net addresses : used for teaching and learning
Legacy Classful Addressing
Class A : Support extremely large networks with more than 16 million host addresses.
Class B : Supports the needs of moderate to large size networks up to approximately 65,000 host addresses.
Class C : Support small networks with a maximum of 254 hosts.
Classes Addressing
Wasted and exhausted the availability of IPv4 addresses.
Classless Inter-Domain (CIDR, pronounced "cider')
Allowed service providers to allocate IPv4 addresses on any address bit boundary instead of only by a class A,B or C