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Chapter 13: Transport Processes - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 13: Transport Processes
Concepts
long distance transport: btwn cells that aren't neighbors
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short-distance transport: btwn cells of few diameters or less
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Isolation Mechanisms: inhibit mvmnt of substances
Diffusion, Osmosis, & Active Transport
Diffusion: random moment of particles in sol'n causes to move from high concentration to low concentrations.
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Osmosis: diffusion thru membrane
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Freely Permeable : membrane allows all solutes to diffuse through
Completely impermeable: membrane that doesn't allow anything to pass through
Differentially/ Selectively Permeable membranes: allow certain substances to pass through
Molecular pumps: membrane s that use the energy of ATP to force molecules across the membrane
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Active Transport: molecule on the receiving side of the extremely concentrated from molecular pumps
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Aquaporins: water mvmnt passing through membranes if more rapid through proteins channels
Intracellular Transport: vesicles migrate through the cytoplasm and fuse with another organelle.
Water Potential: waters chemical potential ψ
Pressure potential: Ψ = Ψ(pi) + ΨP + Ψm
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Megapascals (MPa) or Bars: unit of measurement of pressure potential
Osmotic potential: denoted by Ψ(pi), or sigh pie: the effect solutes have on water potential
Matric Potential, Ψm: water's adhesion to nondissolved structures in cell walls, membranes, & soils
Lysis: animal cells burst if placed in pure water
Cells and Water Movement
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Incipient Plasmolysis: the point at which the protoplast has lost just enough water to pull slightly away from the wall
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Plasmolyzed: shrinking of cell due to water loss.
Short-Distance Intercellular Transport
Symplast: all the protoplasm of one plant can be considered one continuous mass
apoplast: the intercellular spaces and cell walls of a plant. all the volume of the plant that is not occupies by protoplasm
Guard Cells: the opening and closing of stomatal pores are base on short-distance intercellular transport.
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Motor Cells: cells at "joints". The location of flexure is either the entire midrib or the point at which the petiole attaches to the lamina or stem.
Transfer Cells: specialized cells where the walls are smooth on Theo outer surface but have numerous fingerlike and ridgelike outgrowths on the inner surface.
Long-Distance Transport: Xylem
Properties of Water
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Cohesive: in water transport, water described as cohesive bc water molecules stick to and molecules capable of forming hydrogen bonds
Adhesive: molecules interact with many other substances
Water transport through Xylem
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Cohesion-tension hypothesis: hypothesis that as water is pulled upward by transpiration, its molecules cohere sufficiently to withstand the tension.
Transstomatal Transpiration: the water lost at 50% humidity and plants experience -50.0MPa.
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Transcuticular transpiration: water lost directly through the cuticle
PRESSURE POTENTIAL IS A NEGATIVE #
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Cavitation: hydrogen bonding is broken over a large region and the water column breaks.
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Embolism: between two portions of a space
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Long-Distance Transport: Phloem
Pressure Flow Hypothesis: membrane bound molecular pumps and activity transport are postulated to be the important driving forces
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Sources: the sites from which water and nutrients are transported
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actively transported: sugars moved into sieve elements
polymer trap mechanism: phloem is loaded, conducting-cell membranes are permeable to monosaccharides and disaccharides but not to polysaccharides.
STM/CC Complex: in many species, sieve tube members and guard cells are believed to function together in phloem loading and conduction, making it more accurate to speak of both rather than just the sieve tube members
Mass Transfer: the actual amount of sugars and other nutrients transported by phloem per hour
Specific Mass Transfer: mass transfer divided b the cross-sectional area of the phloem
Sinks: sites that receive transported phloem sap, extremely diverse
P-Protein: fine network adjacent to the plans membrane inner surface o uninjured sieve elements
P-Protein Plug: when P-Protein mass is too large mot pass through and forms a plug. present in all edicts, some monocots
Callose: within uninjured phloem, a polymer. stays in sol'n only if under pressure
Box 13-1
Eutrophication: the process that occurs as rivers and lakes receive too many mineral nutrients and develop and overabundance of algae, which dies and decays, causing depletion of O2 in water and harming fish
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Box 13-2
Farming wastelands
Big Bend park
Box 13-3
Drought avoidance and drought tolerance: how plants adapt to dry habitats
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Poikilohydry: having a body water content that changes wit habitat moisture
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