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Linguistics, Relation between the signs, The scientific study of language.…
Linguistics
Design features of a human language.
Displacement
We can communicate about things that are physically and temporally removed from us.
Cultural transmission
For human to learn llanguage, they need to be exposed to it.
Duality
Utterances in humaan language are patterned simultaneously on two levels: form and meaning.
Productivity
We have a limited amount of linguistic elementes but can combine those elements in novel ways.
Reflexivity
Language can be used to talk about language.
Arbitrariness
No resemblance between the laanguage signal and the thing that it represent.
Branches
Phonetics and phonology
It delas with the sound of the language.
Morphology
It deals with the way the words of a laanguage are structured.
Syntax
It is concerned with the ways words go together to form sentences.
Semantics and pragmatics
Deal with meaning.
Psycolinguistics and neurolinguistics
They are concerned with the processes in language production.
Language acquisition
It investigates the processes of attaining comprenhension and produciton of a language.
Fundamental concepts
Sign
Signified
Concept
Signifier
Sound/image
Iconic sign or icon
It form resembles its meaning.
Symbolic signs
Form and meaning are related by convention.
Mediums of language
Visual-inscribed medium
It is system of representing the words of a laanguage by visual forms and their combinations.
Visual-gestural medium
Uses eyes, hands, body, etc
Auditory-vocal medium
Most human languages are usually conveyed by speech.
It is divided in
Microlinguistics
Phonotic and Phonology
Morphology
Syntax
Lexicology and semantics
Macrolinguistics
Variatinal linguistics
Contrastive linguistics
Psycholinguistics
Neurolinguistics
Computational linguistics
Relation between the signs
Syntacmatic
The signs that go together to make up an utterance are not put together ramdomly.
Paradigmatic
A speaker choose the signs that go in the sequence from a range of possible alternative ssgins that could haave been used instead.
Fundamental concepts
The scientific study of language.
