Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Hypertension - Coggle Diagram
Hypertension
Assessments/Diagnostic
Blood Pressure
Sustained Elevation
Consistent
Sequential
Normal <120/80
Elevated
Systolic
120-129
Diastolic
<80
Stage 1
Systolic
130-139
Diastolic
80-89
Stage 2
Systolic
140
Diastolic
/= 90
Can Be Asymptomatic
Early On
Long Term effects
Kidney
Nephrosclerosis
Reduce Urine Ouptut
Heart
Increases workload of heart
Remodeling
Hypertrophy
Ejection Fraction <40%
Heart Failure
Eyes
Retinopathy
Blood Vessels
Stroke
Heart Attack
Narrrowing
Labs
Glucose
High
Diabetes
CBC
Evaluate organ function
Lipids
High LDL
Low HDL
BMP
Electrolytes
Kidney
Thyroid
Can be cause of secondary hypertension
Urinalysis
Kidney Function
Uric Acid
High
Albumin
Increased
C-Reactive Protein
High
Troponin
CK
BNP
EKG
Arrythmias
Echocardiogram
Murmur
Wall Thickening
Enlarged Heart
Blood Flow Obstruction
Organ Specific
Weight
High BMI
Edema
Peripheral
Pitting/Non-pitting
Fluid Retention
Bruits
JVP
Diminished/ Dealyed Pulses
Lifestyle Choices
Diet
High Fats
High Sodium
Weight
Obese?
Stress
Sedentary Lifestyle
White Coat Syndrome
Headache
Vision Problems
Chest Pain
SOB
Dizziness
Risk Factors
Adult
Male
Type 2 Diabetes
Obesity
Diet
High Sodium Diet
African American
Family History
50% higher risk
Smoking
Tobacco
Dyslipidemia
Atherosclerotic Plaques
Increase resistance in blood flow
Alcohol
Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Sequelas
Cardiovascular Disease
Ischemic Heart Disease
Angina
O2
Imbalance of Supply & Demand
Heart Attack
Heart Failure
Increases workload of Left Ventricle
Remodeling
Hypertrophy
Ischemic Stroke
Systolic Hypertension
Narrowing in arteries of brain
Reduced Blood Flow
Peripheral Artery Disease
Aortic Aneurysm
Renal Vascular Disease
Chronic Kidney Disease
Glomerular hypoperfusion
Glomerulosclerosis
Fibrosis
Kidney Failure
Cannot Filter Blood
Atherosclerosis
Promotes Plaque Formation
Rupture
Aortic Aneurysm
Pregnancy
Pre-Ecclampsia
Ecclampsia
Seizures
Stroke
Preterm Birth
HELLP Syndrome
Decreased Placental Blood Flow
140/>90
Low Platelets
Decreased Liver function
10%
Sexual Dysfunction
Neurological
Dementia
hypoperfusion
Cognitive Impairment
hypoperfusion
Hypertensive Retinopathy
Microvascular Changes
Increased Vasomotor Tone
Narrowing
Degeneration
Blindness
Hypertensive Emergency
Fatal
BP >180/120
Acute Organ Damage
Hemorrhage
Stroke
Encephalopathy
Osteoporosis
Increased Calcium Excretion
Bone Loss
Major Drug Classes
Beta-Blockers
CNS
Heart
Slow SA Node
Decrease Heartrate
Ventricles Fill
Workload Reduced
Adequate CO
Lower Blood Pressure
Reduce Afterload
Kidney
Renin
"LOL"
Adrenergic
Sympathetic
Catecholamines
Block Receptors
Relaxation
Less Force
Reduce Afterload
Bronchial
Slow Muslces
Alpha Blockers
Alpha 2
CNS
Autonomic
Smooth Muslce
Agonist
Bind
Reduce Sympathetic Activity
Clonidine
Alpha 1
Blood Vessels
Vasoconstriction
Blockers
Vasodilation
Lower BP
Low Afterload
Low Preload
Lower Contractility
Adrenergic
Calcium Channel Blockers
Blood Vessels
Vasodilation
Smooth Muscle Relaxation
Reduces Afterload
Reduces Workload
Vasodilation
Lowered Arterial Pressure
Reduce Preload
1 more item...
Actin & Myosin Filaments
Cardiac Muscle Cells
Decrease Contractility
Decrease Heart Rate
Decreased Contractility
Decrease Conduction Velocity
1st choice African American
ACE- Inhibitors
Blood Vessels
Kidney
Renal Protective
Block Conversion of Angiotensin1 to Angiotensin 2
Sympathetic System
Release
Norepinephrine
Increases
Promotes Na and Water Excretion
Lowers Arterial Pressure
Reduces Preload
Reduces Afterload
Vasodilation
Enhance Contractility
Vasoconstriction
Renin
Kidneys
Hold Onto Water
When Kidneys Need More Blood Flow
Angiotensin 1
Angiotensin 2
Vasoconstriction
1 more item...
Cough
Change to ARB
"Pril"
Angioedema
ARB
Blood Vessels
Works on Angiotensin 2
Blocks Receptors
No Action of Blood Vessels
Vasodilation
Reduce Afterload
Decreased Workload
Reduce Preload
"Sartan"
Diuretics
1st Line of Therapy
Kidney
Act on Renal Tubules
Loop Of Henle
Loop Diuretics
Block Sodium and Water Reabsorption
Furosemide
Ascending
Watch K and Na levels
Distal
Thiazides
Initial Therapy
Hydrochlorothiazide
Inhibit NA-CL Transporter
Mild
Spironolactone
Potassium Sparing
Antagonize actions of Aldosterone
Aldosterone Hold Onto Fluid
1 more item...
Watch for Elevation
Increase Water Excretion
Decrease Preload
Decrease Preload
Vasodilators
Blood Vessels
Peripheral Vasodilation
Decrease Vascular Resistance
Reduce Afterload
Reduce Venous Flow
Decrease Preload
Hydralazine
Cautious
Heart Functions
Preload
Venous Return
End Diastolic Pressure
Coming back from body
Reflects Volume
Afterload
Systemic Vascular Resistance
Must Overcome to Circulate Blood
Increases workload of Heart
Eject from Heart
Increased in Hypertension
Wall Tension
Contractility
Ventricular Contraction
Actin & Myosin
Stretch
Inotropy
Independent of Preload and Afternolad
Effect Stroke Volume
Effect Cardiac Output
Treatments
Non-Pharmacologic
Modify Risk Factors
1st Line of Treatment
Stop Smoking
Smoking Elevates CRP
Vasoconstriction
Weight Reduction
BMI <25
Low Sodium
<2.5 g/ day
Lowers Retention
Physical Activity
Aerobic Activity
Walking
30 min/ day
Lose Weight
Lower BMI
DASH Diet
Fruits
Vegetables
Low Fat Dairy
Reduced Saturated Fats
Lose Weight
Reduce BP
Limit Alcohol
Reduce Stress
Pharmacologic
Prevention
Modify Risk Factors
Lifestyle Changes
Behavioral Changes
Screening
Annual Visits
BP Checks