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Anemia - Coggle Diagram
Anemia
Iron Deficiency Anemia
Need iron to make hemoglobin
Carries oxygen
IRON is found in
Food
Green leafy vegetables
Supplements
Take With Food
Cannot keep up with need for iron
Deficiency of nutrients for Hemoglobin Synthesis
Low Iron
Inadequate amount Available for Recycling
Impaired O2 Transport
Decreased RBCs
Depletion of stores in bore marrow
Impairs RBC synthesis
Low at birth
Blood Loss
Assessments/Diagnostics
Fatigue
Palpations
Angina
Pica
Cravings with no nutritional value
Clay
Ice
Spoon-Shaped Fingernails
Koilonychia
Smooth Tongue
Mouth Sores
Low HGB and HCT
Irregularly Shaped Cells
Low Iron
Low Ferritin
Treatments
Iron Supplements
Take with vitamin C
Enhances absorption
Diet Changes
Infants
Avoid Cow Milk
Iron Supplement
Prevention
Keep up in Diet
Control Blood Loss
Blood Transfusion
Risks
Children
Pregnancy
Blood Loss
Internal bleeding
Chronic Disease
Crohn's
Celiac
Kidney
Common
Sideroblastic Anemia
Pathway Errors
Erythropoeis
Abnormal Utilization of Iron
During Heme Production
Hereditary
Gene Mutation
Assessments/ Diagnostics
Bone Marrow
Ring Sideroblasts
Siderocytes
RBCs
Erythroid Precursor
Prussian Blue Staining
Labs
Iron
Normal - High
Reticulocytes
Low
RBC Size
Microcytic
Macrocytic
Depends on Cause
Fatigue
Palpitations
SOB
Pallor
Bronze Skin
Deafness
Diabetes
Treatments
Pyroxidine
Oral
Temporary
Blood Transfusion
Iron Chelatin
Prevent Overload
Glycemic Control
Copper Replacement
Diet
Seafood
Nuts
Legumes
Aquired
Drugs
Antibiotics
Chemo
Toxins
Copper Deficiency
B6 Deficiency
Rare
Aplastic Anemia
Acquired
Exposure to Radiation
Chemotherapy
Bone Marrow Depression
Infections
Hepatitis
Mono
Inherited
Treatments
Depends on Cause
Antibiotics
Blood Transfusions
RBCs
Platelets
Medicine
Immunosuppressants
Cyclosporine
Suppress immune cells that damage marrow
Corticosteroids
Stem Cell Transplant
Rebuild Bone Marrow
Lifestyle Changes
Get rid of Toxin
Assessments
Weakness
Fatigue
Pallor
Petechiae
Bruising
Bleeding
Gums
Nose
GI
Vagina
Infections
Pancytopenia
All Blood Cells Decreased
Bone Marrow Biopsy
Disorder of Pluripotential stem cells
Failure of marrow to place senescent red cells
No replacement from bone marrow after death
Red Blood Cells
White Blood Cells
Platelets
Folate/Folic Acid Aplastic Anemia
Folic Acid
Required for DNA synthesis
RBC Maturation
Absorbed From Intestines
Green Leafy Vegetables
Deficiency
Diet
Not Enough
Alcohol Supresses Absorption
Celiac Disease
Decreased Absorption
Methotrexate
Impairs action by blocking conversion to active form
Neoplastic Disease
Tumors compete for Folate
Pregnancy
Need is Increased
Assessment/Diagnositics
High MCV with normal MCHC
SOB
Palpitations
Faigue
Chest Pain
Low HCT
Low HGB
Headaches
Folate
Low
Treatments
Supplements
Vitamins
Oral Folate
Diet
Green Leafy Vegetables
Cereals
Injections
Treat the Cause
Megaloblastic Anemia
RBCs Larger than normal
Carry Less Hemoglobin
Less O2 to Tissues
Oval Shape
Anemia of Chronic Inflammation
Seen in Chronic Diseases
Lupus
AIDS
CKD
Crohn's
Ulcerative Colitis
Cancer
Chemotherapy
Assessments/ Diagnostics
Tachycardia
Body Aches
Fainting
Fatigue
Pallor
Labs
Transferrin
Low
Iron
May be Low
Ferritin
Elevated
CBC
HBG >8
Reticulocytes
Low
Cant Keep Up
Early: Normocytic
Advanced: Mircocytic
Treatments
Treat Underlying Condition
ESAs
Erythropoesis Stimulating Agents
Darbepoetin Alpha
Epoetin Alpha
Make more RBCs
Injections
Iron Supplements
Diet
Blood Transfusion
Errors in Pathways
Not enough Erythroprotein
Kidneys
Bone Marrow
Does not respond to signals properly
Shorter RBC Life
Hemophagocytosis
Chronic Inflammation
Inadequate Iron Storage
Increase in Hepcidin
Inhibits Absorption
Pernicious Anemia
Deficiency of B12 and Folate
Not enough Healthy RBCs
RBCs need B12 for Production
Intrinsic Factor Binds to B12
Not enough Intrinsic Factor
Autoimmune Disorder
Attacks Intrinsic Factor Protein
B12
Can come from food
Absorbed in GI Tract
Nerve cell Function
Myelin Sheath
Not absorbed in GI Tract
Atrophic Gastritis
RBC Cannot Mature
Assessments/Diagnostics
Nausea
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Constipation
Fatigue
Loss of Appetite
Pale Skin
Heartburn
Swollen Tongue
Nervous System Damage
Confusion
Delusions
Hallucinations
Irritable
Numbness
Loss of Balance
Treatments
Supplements
B12
Dietary changes
Meat
Fish
Dairy
Eggs
Bread
Cereals
B12 Injections
Life Cycle of Red Blood Cell
Red Blood Cell
2 Alpha Chains
2 Beta Chains
Heme
Binds to O2
Iron
Transports oxygen to the tissue
Bone Marrow
Pluripotent Stem Cells
Erythroblasts
Iron is Added
Hemoglobin
Reticulocyte
A week to 10 days
Mature into Erythrocyte (RBC)
24-48 Hours
Sent to carry O2 to Tissues
1 more item...
Immature
Heme
Release of Erythropoetin
Made in Kidneys
Erythropoesis
Receives Signal to Produce RBC