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Congenital Malformations (ii) - Coggle Diagram
Congenital Malformations (ii)
Pierre Robin Sequence
Micrognathia
Glossoptosis (post displacement of tongue)
risk of tongue falling back + causing cyanosis
lie infant prone
cleft palate
Malformations causing GI obstruction
Duodenal atresia/stenosis
x-ray
double bubble sign - stomach distension + duodenal cap
abdo distension
1/3 have Down's
Atresia/stenosis of jejunum/ileum
malrotation with volvulus
dangerous, may lead to infarct of entire midgut
also consider meconium ileus (usually due to CF) + meconium plug
Hirschprung disease
absence of myenteric N plexus in rectum + sometimes colon
no mec
abdo distends
can present as acute enterocolitis
rectal atresia
absence of anus @ normal site
may be a fistula
CDH
1 in 4000
usually dxed on antenatal US
presentation
resp distress
apex beat + heart sounds displaced right
poor air entry into left chest
usually left sided herniation of abdo contents through posterolat foramen in diaphragm
pneumothorax can occur, aggravating the situation
Dx confirmed on x-ray
Tx
pass NG tube to prevent distension of intrathoracic bowel
stabilise + refer to surgery
mortality high if a/w pulmonary hypoplasia
