Introduction to Tourism, Planning and Development

EVOLUTION OF DEVELOPMENT CONCEPTS

DEFINITION

What is Planning?

What is Development?

What is Tourism?

Concerned with regulating the changes in a system to promote orderly development to enhance the social, economic and environmental benefits as part of development process.

Tourism is a social, cultural & economic phenomenon which entails the movement of people to countries or places outside their usual environment for personal or business purposes.

  • Process where the society moves from one condition to another and to the goal of the process.
  • Implying to the positive transformation or good change.

HISTORY

DEVELOPMENT THROUGH 3 STAGES

The evolution of development concepts is complex because it not only embraces economic growth but also include others indicators towards positive change of social, politic, cultural.

  • discover an area by tourist
  • tourist flows increase & host society respond to economic activity
  • fully institutionalized
    (Noronha, 1976)

DESTINATION EVOLUTION THROUGH PHYSICAL CHANGE: 4 LEVELS

  • development of facilities
  • development of transport
  • development of tourist behavior
  • attitudes of decision makes & population of receiving regions
    (Miossec.1977)

TOURISM DEVELOPMENT (6 STAGES)

  • exploration
  • involvement
  • development
  • consolidation
  • stagnation
  • decline
    (Butler, 1980)

CATEGORIES OF COUNTRIES BASED ON DEVELOPMENT STAGE

Separated into 4 categories:

  1. developed countries (US, Australia)
  2. economies in transition (Russia)
  3. developing countries (Asia Pacific)
  4. least developed countries (Africa)

UNDERDEVELOPMENT
Develop country measured based on:

2. Human assets

  1. Income per capita

Health

School enrolment

Nutrition

Literacy

3. Economic vulnerability

trade related shocks

physical exposure to shocks

Natural shocks

economic exposure to shocks

remoteness

GOALS

Definition: Goal in tourism planning refers to integration of all tourism development into the social, environment and economic life of a community

SCHOLAR VIEWS

-3 GOALS:

  • satisfaction to users
  • rewards to owners
  • protected utilization of environmental resources

ORGANIZATIONAL VIEW

Millennium Development Goals (MDG)

  • eradicate extreme poverty & world hunger, achieve universal primary education. environment sustainability & develop global partnership