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Sharing the Planet - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Waste causing the pollution in HK i.e. construction, renovation, demolition, food waste disposed of at landfills
        
        Solution: Restrictions against the culprits, waste management and disposal
      - Waste causing the pollution in Singapore i.e. littering, illegal dumping of domestic waste and poor waste management from construction sites and industrial estates
        
        Solution:
    - - Singapore: solid material waste and wastes in liquid form i.e. oil and nitrogen oxide from factories and industrial areas.
        
        Solution: Industrial wastewater must be treated to specified standards before being discharged into a sewer or watercourse if a public sewer is not available
      - HK: The sewers were poorly-maintained and uncoordinated, sewage treatment facilities were inadequate, and many buildings and farms by-passed sewers and treatment altogether to dump their waste straight into the water.
        
        Solution: sewerage system had been built in a piecemeal fashion
  - - - HK: each person sends an average of 3.37 pounds of municipal solid waste to landfills every single day in 2018
        
        Solution: Waste reduction(the “Hong Kong Blueprint for Sustainable Use of Resources 2013–2022” published by the Environment Bureau), The sustainable development of recycling industry and education
    - - Solution: Incinerate most of the trash
        
        With the statistics provided by National Environment Agency (NEA), incineration reduces waste by up to 90 per cent, saving landfill space, and the heat recovered produces steam used to generate electricity.
  - - - Water (example)
        
        Multiple M.E.D.Cs (More Economically Developed Countries) waste water by having a large water usage which helps with their needs and wants, mostly agricultural, industrial and for personal use, this creates a large demand for water, however the supply of water does not change, creating water scarcity in poorer areas.
        
        Solutions
        
        Demand
        
        Educating the public about water usage and ways to reduce water usage and its importance is a method of reducing water demand
        
        Supply
        
        Roughly 15% of water leaks out of water pipes in urban areas, using technology these pipes can be fixed and ridded of leaks, saving a huge amount of water lost. New desalination, water collection and water filtration technology can also create new drinkable water for us, increasing the supply exponentially.
- - - - As the number of trees decrease, the roots from the trees to hold soil together also decrease.
        
        Soil Erosion
      - Less greenhouse gases will be taken in by the trees, and causing the greenhouse gas effect to occur.
        
        Global Warming
  - - - Plastic is not biodegradable and takes hundreds of years to decompose.
        
        Waste of Land
        
        Singapore: Singapore dumps all its waste in Semakau Landfill, however it is estimated to reach its capacity by 2035
        
        Hong Kong: Hong Kong is facing a plastic waste crisis. Hong Kong has a total daily volume of 2,343 tonnes, plastic waste made up the third largest share of MSW at 21%, behind food (31%) and paper (24%). From 2017 to 2018, the recovery rate of plastic recyclables in Hong Kong declined by almost half, from 13% to just 7%.
      - Plastic waste can also be filled with chemicals and often consumed by marine animals.
        
        Loss of Widlife
      - Floating plastic waste that can survive for thousands of years serves as modes of transport for invasive species.
        
        Disruption of Wildlife's Habitat
  - - - Increasing Rate of Skin Cancer
      - Increasing Rate of Eye Cataracts
      - Genetic and Immune Systems Damages
      - Global Warming
      - Harsh Weather Conditions
      - Melting of Ice Caps and Glaciers
      - Harsh Weather Conditions
- - - - Rich countries
        
        M.E.D.Cs have higher quality of living and standard of life, they also receive more resources, because of this abundance they waste alot of resources as well as they use them to cover their wants, not their needs. There is also inequality within Rich countries as well, if this happens too much, protests may also occur. Furthermore, the rich will only get richer while the poor get poorer
      - Poor countries
        
        L.E.D.Cs have lower quality of living and standard of life, they also receive less resources, sometimes not even having the fundamental resources for living. When this happens and they see that other countries have resources, they protest and riot, this is one of the reasons for rebellions over history. Also, poor countries will only get poorer.
  - - - However, a larger population creates the need for more food and resources, increasing the demand, however, the supply has remained generally the same, we will eventually run out of supply and no longer be able to sustain ourselves, in certain regions of the world such as Africa and some areas of Southeast Asia it is already happening.
  - - - Hong Kong
        
        Hong Kong has a small land area and large population, having a high population density of 7140 people per square kilometer. This makes land for its population more expensive, it having the highest housing prices globally.
      - Singapore
        
        For Singapore this is more evident, Singapore is an island country that has restricted land and area, each plot of land is carefully utilized to maximize efficiency, therefore it cannot waste land on agriculture and other resource-generating buildings, it gets these resources from other countries, creating a flaw in it's dependancy on other countries