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2. History of Instructional Design, 1. What is Instructional Design? -…
2. History of Instructional Design
Over the last few decades, there has been
a change
in instructional design. The area of instructional design has shifted from
a concentration on skill creation and information acquisition to one on personal sense construction and user experience
.
*Technology advancements
in social media, cloud-based services, and big data have driven some of
the emerging instructional design patterns.
Below are the changes each year of instructional design.*
The birth of instructional design (1940)
Instructional designed
was created during the
World war II
when many of
psychologist and education specialists
were commanded to
produce training materials in mass for severals thousand soldiers to examine the learner's abilities.
What happened in 1950?
The operant conditioning (1956)
B.F. Skinner
's had published an article titled "The science of learning and the Art of Teaching". The articles suggested that the programmed such as instructional materials should be include in
small steps, frequent questions and immediate feedback.
Also it should allow
self-pacing.
Taxonomy of Educational Objective (1956)
Benjamin bloom
emerged the
"Taxonomy of Educational Objective"
that recognising the principle domains of learning. Nowadays, the output of this work known as
"Bloom's Taxonomy"
.
Three domains of learning outcomes (1960)
In
1965
,
Robert Gagne
listed out three domains of learning outcomes which are
cognitive strategy, attitude, and motor skills.
Apart from that, there are
nine events of instruction
in research known as
"The Conditions of Learning"
.
During
1970
, there are severals models surfaced that are based on
systems information processing.
This propose was developed across
military, academia and organizations.
These organizations also started to use
media
such
filmstrips
to improve
the effectiveness of instruction.
The advancements of technology for Instructional Designs (1980)
The first commercialized computer,
Programmed Logic for Automatic Teaching Operation (PLATO)
has assists instructional system that allows computers to be merged into instruction.
During this era,
the interest in principles of cognitive psychology had rising.
In
1983
,
David Merrill
developed
Component Display Theory (CDT)
that focused on
the methods of presenting instructional material
.
The development of Insructional Design (1990)
Performance improvement and performance support was
a fast growing trend.
Computer Based Training (CBT)
delivered via
CD-ROM
became
a common tools to deliver interactive training.
The field of instructional design became
more active
that influenced by
constructivist theory
. To add,
constructivist
stated that learning should be
authentic and produce real-world experiences
that allow learners to form, and construct their own knowledge.
The first rapid prototyping
was invented and in this era, training materials were
prototyped quickly
. Then revised through
rapid testing and iterations.
E-learning (2000)
The improvements of internet penetration,
online learning becomes
more prevalent
in the corporate sector. Companies start to
use online learning for new employees and developing new skills.
The richness of instructional media are including
video and stimulations
become possible as internet bandwidth improved.
Initially, online learning was delivered via
Learning Management Systems (LMS),
which allowed for a single one stop shop to
manage, deliver, and track online learning courses and assessments.
The advancement of technology (2010)
3 more items...
1. What is Instructional Design?
*The development of learning environments and resources
in such a way that information and skills are acquired and applied
is referred to as instructional design.
Assessing requirements, designing a process, creating products, and testing their efficacy
are all part of the process.*