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Unit 5. The complement function - Coggle Diagram
Unit 5. The complement function
The direct complement (object) function. • Its syntactic features and its syntagmatic realizations
We call the direct object (D.C.) to that sentence element whose primary function is to specify the meaning of a very open “semantic range” verb, which is directly related to the meaning of the verb.
What the CD does precisely is specify or specify one of the many meanings of the verb.
It can present the following syntagmatic realizations:
CD SN homogeneous
CD SN heterogeneous
CD SN substitute (Pronoun)
CD S. prep. and CD proposition.
Direct objects with:
It commutes with the personal pronouns lo, las, los, las, when it is no longer one of them.
It goes after the verb without a proposition or with the proposition "a", but with no other.
It is often constructed with "a" when we refer to personified people or things, and above all, to indicate that it is not a subject.
When the prayer becomes passive, it becomes a patient subject.
Direct objects of measure, weight, duration and price.
The measure, duration, weight and price complements perform the function of CD, since they can be switched by the unstressed lo, la, los or las.
The prepositional complement (object) function or supplement. Its syntactic features and its syntagmatic realizations.
The supplement is a type of prepositional complement that, without being neither CD nor CI, cannot be suppressed without substantially altering the meaning of the sentence.
The supplement is characterized:
In front of the subject, for not being affected by the variation in number or person of the verbal nucleus.
Because it is always introduced by preposition.
In front of the direct object, the supplement, it is represented not only by a tonic pronoun but also by the corresponding preposition.
It is freely interchangeable like the circumstantial complement.
Faced with the circumstantial complement, because it intimately affects the meaning of the verbal nucleus.
The supplement can present the following syntagmatic realizations
Supplement S. prep.
S. prep. Prep. + S.N. S. Prep. Prep. + NP nominal substitute (pronoun)
Proposition supplement
Rules for identifying the supplement
It is constructed with any preposition like the compl. Circumstantial.
It is incompatible with the direct object in the same sentence.
Specify and specify the meaning of the verb just like the CD.
When switching it to pronoun, leave as a reference the preposition plus tonic pronoun (he, she, that, that).
The indirect complement (object) function. Its syntactic features and its syntagmatic realizations.
The CI. It is the complement of the verbal nucleus that expresses the person, animal or thing in which the action of the transitive verb already exerted on the D.C. is fulfilled or ends. Indirect, refers to the fact that the C.I. completes the verb through the C.D., that is, indirectly.
The CI. can present the following syntagmatic realizations:
C.I. S. Prep.
S. prep. Prep. + SN
S. Prep. Prep. + SN substitute (pronoun)
C.I. Substitute SN (pronoun)
C.I. Proposition
Rules for identifying the C.I.
It commutes with the personal pronouns le, les, when it is not already one of them.
The circumstantial complement (adjacent) function. Its syntactic features and its syntagmatic realizations.
The circumstantial complement (C.C.) extrinsically modifies the verbal nucleus. Therefore, we can do without it without substantially changing the sentence.
The circumstantial complement indicates the various circumstances that affect the development of the action: mode, place, time, quantity, etc.
Some syntagmatic realizations of the circumstantial complement:
DC prep. + SN S.
Prep. Prep + SN S.
Prep. Prep + S.V. S.
Prep. Prep + S. Adv.
Rules to identify the circumstantial complement
By exclusion, when checking that it is not any of the other add-ons.
It does not commute with any personal pronoun. It is introduced by any preposition.
It can appear in the same sentence in an indefinite number.
Answer the questions Where? How? When ?, etc.