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Types of radiation - Coggle Diagram
Types of radiation
Alpha
Is a helium nucleus
Has two protons and two neutrons
Large mass
Can be absorbed by paper
Is the least penetrating
Highly ionising
Beta
Is a fast moving electron
Has a very small mass
A negative charge
Is absorbed by few mm of alluminum
Ionising
Gamma
Is a high-energy electromagnetic wave
The most penetrating
No mass and no charge
Is absorbed by several cm of lead
Weakly ionising
An atom
Nucleus containing neutrons and protons
Surrounded by orbiting electrons
Protons are positively charged, electrons are negatively charged and neutrons are neutral
Losing
an
electron
creates a
positive ion
and
gaining
an electron creates a
negative ion
Can detect radiation with:
Geiger-Muller tube
Photographic film
Cloud chamber
A = N/t
Activity = number of disintegrations / time taken
There is radiation around us all the time. This is called
background radiation
Ionisation is the addition or subtraction of an electron from an atom
Activity
is the
number of radioactive atoms
that
decay per second
The
time taken
for the
activity
of a radioactive source to
reduce by half
is called the
half-life
.