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Unit 1. Political Constitution - Coggle Diagram
Unit 1. Political Constitution
Education rights
Article 87. Everyone has the right to education and the responsibility to educate themselves.
Article 88. Education must attend to the harmonious and integral development of the student.
Article 89. It is recognized that it is the purpose of Panamanian education to foster in the student a national conscience based on knowledge of the history and problems of the country.
Education Guarantees
Article 90. The freedom of education is guaranteed and the right to create private educational centers subject to the Law is recognized.
Official education
Article 91. Official education is free at all pre-university levels. The first level of education or general basic education is compulsory.
Article 92. The Law will determine the state agency that will prepare and approve the study plans, teaching programs and educational levels, as well as the organization of a national educational guidance system, all in accordance with national needs.
Article 93. Labor education is established as a non-regular modality of the education system, with basic education programs and special training.
Private education
Article 94. Private companies whose operations significantly alter the school population in a given area will contribute to meeting educational needs.
Article 95. Only academic and professional degrees issued by the State or authorized by it in accordance with the Law are recognized.
Article 96. Education will be taught in the official language, but for reasons of public interest, the Law may allow it to be taught in a foreign language in some schools as well.
Article 97. The Law may create economic incentives for the benefit of public education and private education, as well as for the publication of national educational works.
Article 98. The State shall establish systems that provide adequate resources to grant scholarships, aid, or other financial benefits to students who deserve or need them. All other things being equal, the most economically needy will be preferred.
Article 99. The Official University of the Republic is autonomous. It is recognized as legal entity, its own patrimony and the right to administer it. They have the power to organize their studies and designate and separate their personnel in the manner determined by law.
Article 100. To make the economic autonomy of the University effective, the state will provide it with the essentials for its installation, operation and future developments.
Article 101. Academic freedom is recognized without other limitations than those established by the University Statute for reasons of public order.
Article 102. The exceptionality of the student, in all its manifestations, will be addressed through special education, based on scientific research and educational guidance.
Article 103. The Catholic religion will be taught in public schools.
Article 104. The State will develop education and promotion programs for indigenous groups.