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Biology - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Sesnroy carry electrical impulse from receptors
      - Motor neutrones carry electical imulses to effectors
  - - - Brain damagte
      - Electrically stimulating the brain
      - MRI Scans
  - - - Long sighted - doesn't refract enough so focuses vehgind the retina
      - Short sighted - refracts too much so focuses in front of the retina
      - Can be fixed with contact lens
      - Laser eye surgery
      - Replacement lens surgery
    - - Retina is at the back, contains the cells sensitive to light and colour
      - Bottom optic nerve which carries impulses from the receptors on the retina to the brain
      - Sclera is the tough supporting wall of the eye
      - Shape of the lens is controlled by the cliliary muscles and suspensory ligaments
      - Iris is the muscles that control the diameter of the pupil
      - Cornea is the transparent outer layer of the eye, its transparent
  - - - Sweat evapourates which relases heat
    - - Hairs stand up
      - No sweat
      - Constriction of the blood vessels, reduce heat going to skin
      - You shiver
  - - - Fight or Flight response
      - Released from the Adrenal gland
      - Increases the supply of oxygen and glucose
        
        Heart rate goes up
    - - When levels of a substance go above or below normal, uses hormones to trigger a response to correct
    - - Released from the thyroid gland stimulated from TSH from the pituitary Gland
  - - - Insulin trigged when glucose is too high, comes from pancreas and causes the live to turn the tglucose in gluycogen
      - Glucagon trigged when gluycogen is too high, comes from pancreas causes the live to turn the glycogen into glucose
    - - Doesn't havbve enough inslin so glucose levels can rise too high
      - Insulimn inejected
      - Limit carbohydrate intake
      - Helped with exercise
    - - Resistant to their own insulin
      - Blood sugr level can rise too high
      - Helped with exercise
  - - - Waste bulds up, resilts in death
      - People kept alive with dialysis treatment
        
        Dialysis fluid has the same concentration as healthy blood so waste products diffuse out of the membrane and useful stuff stays
      - Ultimately cure is donoations
    - - Combination of Ammonia from proteins being converted into fats and carboydrates
      - Ions from food must be keeped in balance, some are reabsorbed and the rest is lost
      - Water is balanced as well
    - - Less ADH means less water will be reabsorbed
      - More ADH means more water will be reabsorbed
  - - - Menstruation starts
        
        Breaks down for about four days
        
        UTerus lining builds up again
        
        egg devlops and is released
        
        Wall is maintained
      - Oestrogen causes growth of lining
      - Progesterone maintains lining and then when it falls breaks down the lining
      - FSH causes egg to mature
      - LH causes the release of an egg
  - - - Side effects of headaches and nausea
    - - Male
      - Female
    - - Spermicide can be used alone as a form of contraception, mot as good
    - - FSH and LH to stimulate ovulation
    - - Doest always work and strssful
  - - - In roots it does the opposite and inhibits the growth on that side
- - - - Codes for a particular sequence of amino acids
      - Does a specific thing
    - - Useful for medicines and reseearch
    - - One sugar molecule
      - One phosphate molecule
      - One base
        
        Bases are made up of A, T, C or G
        
        How they are order decides the orger of the amino acids in a portein
        
        T matchs with A
        
        G with C
      - Sugar and phosphate are the backbone
      - mRNA acts as a messenger vetween DNA and the protein synthesising ribosomes by copying the code
        
        proteins act as enzymes, hormones or structural proteins
    - - Random but chance incresed if exposed to certain substances
      - Change the sequence of DNA so could make a different protein
      - Can be small or no effect
      - Can have
  - - - Required two organisms
      - Produce gametes by meiosis
        
        Half chromosomes of normal
        
        Gametes fuse to make cell
        
        Meisosis starts with mitosis then splits two daughter cells into four
      - A fused cell will divide by mitosis and specialize
      - Variation occurs will improves the survivbality of the species
        
        Can be selectively bred
    - - One parent
      - Mitosis
        
        Two identical copies made
      - Less energy as no mate and faster
  - - - Class
        
        Order
        
        Family
        
        Genus
        
        Species