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genetics - Coggle Diagram
genetics
meiosis and mitosis process
Cells split - each cell has a pair of chromosomes (
di
ploid cell). The chromeosomes replicate and the cells split.
Further cell splitting - there are now two identical cells and the diploid cells divide agiain.
Haploid cells created - four
genetically different
gametes are created. These have half the amount of chromosmes as the parent cell.
Gametes fertalise - In sexual reproduction the male gamete fertalises the female gamete. They now have the correct amount of chromosomes (46 for humans)
Mitosis - when gametes are combined, the new cell divides by mitosis (asexually) and when they get a certain size they start to specialise.
asexual reproduction - genetically identical offspring are produced
offspring are clones
one parent
no gamete fusion
mitosis is used
advantages of asexual reproduction
no mate is required - more time and energy efficient
many offspring created
fast
meiosis
four
genetically
non identical
daughter cells
used in
sexual
reproduction
mitosis
two
genetocally
identical
daughter cells
used in
asexual
reproduction
genomes and dna
genome
genes - a small section of DNA coding for a sequence of amino acids combining to give a specific protein
chromosomes - long strands of dna coiled up. Contain many genes
DNA
two long units called nucleotides made up of phosphate and sugar.
bases connect the two strands together. There are attractions between opposite bases
T + A
G + C
sexual reproduction - nuclei of two gametes (sex cells) fuse to create a zygote
advantages
artificial selection
humans speed up artifial selection with selective breeding
depemds on genetic variation
boost food production, breeding animals making them more useful (faster horses)
variation in offspring
Increases the chance of the population surviving
some individuals may adapt to new surroundings