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Ch 4: Geographic Distribution - Coggle Diagram
Ch 4: Geographic Distribution
1.) Features of a Naturally Occurring Population:
A shared set of biological and sociocultural structures
Shared territory and territorial imperative
Endogamy
3.) Density & Behavior:
There is a lack of a relationship between density, urbanization and wealth
Central Place Theory & Behavioral Sink
Density is the distribution of a quantity per unit, usually of space and includes galaxies in outer space.
Demographic density is the number of persons per areal unit
D = Q/A
John Calhoun's rat experiment demonstrated the effects of overcrowding
2.) Statistical Areas:
Statistical area boundaries are more artificial and especially prone to ecological fallacy
Data collection occurs at two levels: Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) & Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Areas (CMSAs)
These are geographic units created by census bureaus for the convenience of collecting data
2.) U.S Census Bureau Statistical Areas:
Census blocks- the smallest units with approximately 200 people & roughly corresponds to a city block
Block group- cluster of census blocks w/ 600 to 3,000 people
Census tracts- small, relatively permanent geographic subdivisions of a county with approximately 1,200 to 8,000 people
Cities and towns- administrative/political units & used to require a minimum population of 2,500 people before the 2000 Census
Counties- the primary subdivisions of every state
States & Territories
Regions- Northeast, Midwest, South, & West
The nation
4.) The Urbanization of Humans:
After 1920, more people lived an urban lifestyle than a rural lifestyle, which explains the decrease in agricultural jobs.
The industrial and agricultural revolution contributed towards urbanization of the human population
The first cities were established in the Middle East for trade & exchange of goods and were established city-states
The central place theory explains why businesses prosper as a result of being more accessible to the people needing it.
The most rapid urban growth period was from 1840 & 1860. The slowest urban growth period occurred during 1930 & 1940.
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) has had the greatest impact on social science research. It allows for the mapping of demographic information and has the ability to display several kinds of information simultaneously.
1.) Administrative & Political Areas:
These have legal standing, hold charters, and are administered by public officials
These include nations, states, provinces, counties, villages, towns, cities, wards, and crosscutting units