HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION
Human Capabilities and limitations
Understand them needs knowledge from many fields
Processing information by humans can be modelled
Human physiology plays an important role for designing systems
Vision
Eye tracking, eyes can be tricked, preattentive processing, gestalt psychology
Hearing
audibility, pain, threshold, spatial hearing
Touch
input and output
Memory
sensorial, short term (working), and long term
short term memory : 7 + 2 chunks
long term memory : episodic and structual memory
generate new information : deduction, induction, abduction
Human Interaction
Interaction models
translations between user and system
Ergonomics
Physical characteristics of interaction
Interaction styles
the nature of user/system dialog
Interaction Devices
Input Devices
Keyboards, Mouse, Trackballs, Touch Pads, Touch Screens, Speech Input, 3D trackers, 3D Mouse
Output Devices
Screens, Printers, Sound Output
Virtual reality System and 3D visualization
Positioning in 3D Space
Moving and Grasping
Seeing 3D (Helmets and Caves)
Positioning in 3D space
Cockpit and virtual controls - steering wheels, knobs and dials
the 3D mouse - six-degrees of movement : x,y,z + roll, pitch, yaw
data glove - fibre optics used to detect finger position
VR helmets - detect head motion and possibly eye gaze
whole body tracking - accelerometers strapped to limbs or reflective dots and video processing
3D displays
desktop VR
ordinary screen, mouse or keyboard control
perspective and motion give 3D effect
seeing 3D
use stereoscopic vision
VR helmets
screen plus shuttered specs
VR headsets
small TV screen for each eye
slightly different angles
3D effect
VR motion sickness
time delay
move head … lag … display moves
conflict: head movement vs. eyes
depth perception
headset gives different stereo distance but all focused in same plane
conflict: eye angle vs. focus
conflicting cues => sickness
helps motivate improvements in technology
simulators and VR caves
scenes projected on walls
realistic environment
hydraulic rams!
real controls
other people
3D/Virtual Reality Technology - Applications
Information Spaces / 3D User Interfaces
Visualization of geometric objects
Intuitive human-machine-human interface
Ergonomic navigation
Design: „virtual prototyping“
Arcitecture, environment planning
Visualization in scientific computing
Experiment / Theory / Simulation
Virtual experiments
-Exploration and demonstration of results
-Increase of insights / Teleteaching / Telelearning
Physical devices
sound
smell
sensors
Sounds
beeps, bongs, clonks, whistles and whirrs
used for error indications
confirmation of actions e.g. Keyclick
Touch, feel, smell
touch and feeling important
texture, smell, taste