geography
7 key concepts
maps knowledge
skills
environmental change
place
space
environment
interconnection
sustainability
change
scale
refers to the spatial level at which we look at something- whether at the local level, national or global
the ongoing capacity on the Earth to support all life
means the living and non-living things in area as a whole
for example- how humans change the environment, or how natural hazards impacts us
refers to a part of the Earths surface given meaning by people. it refers to both natural and built/human environment
refers to the way things are arranged on the earths surface. places can be divided into spaces
three elements
- location
- organisation= how things are arranged
- distribution= patterns of where things are located
the processes, both human and natural, that take place on a local and global level
the links between all living and non-living things, on a local level
longitude & latitude
landforms (contours)
physical & cultural features
measuring distance (scale)
area reference and grid reference
contour mapping and cross-sections
latitude is measured in degrees and minutes north or south of the equator
longitude is measured in degrees and minutes east or west of the prime meridian
area reference- given in 4 digits: the easting followed by the northing
grid reference- given in 6 digits. The process is the same of finding the area reference except with an extra number for the easting and northing that shows how far across or up the square a points is
Scale is shown using a linear method, or a ratio method
linear scale-You need to use your ruler to measure how many cm’s represents 1km
Eg. 1cm = 1km
ratio method- example Ratio shown as 1:50 000 this means that 1cm on the map represents 50 000 cm in real life
a surface or shape exposed by making a straight cut through something, especially at right angles to an axis.
Any alteration to the environment that disturbs natural ecological processes
climate change
ecological footprint
greenhouse effect
biodiversity
urban sprawl
One of our biggest concerns is fossil fuels leading to runaway climate change, threatening most life on Earth
The release of greenhouse gasses such as CO2 is leading to global warming
An ecological footprint is a measure of how fast we consume resources and the land needed to deal with the waste created. Our diet has a large impact on land use and on the environment. Using a device, investigate how much of an ecological footprint you have.
Australia’s average is about 6, the world’s average is 2.8, the sustainable average is 1.7
info
Approximately 50 percent of the Sun’s energy is absorbed, and the other 50 percent reflected back.
Greenhouse gasses trap some of this escaping light energy which becomes heat.
With this effect, the Earth’s average temperature is 14 degrees Celsius. It would be -19 without it.
Biodiversity refers to the variety of living things on Earth, as well as diversity within and between species, as well as ecosystems
Diversity is not just about the number of species. It is also the diversity of the genes that they have. Every ecosystem has its own biodiversity.
refers to the expansion of poorly planned, low-density, auto-dependent development, which spreads out over large amounts of land, putting long distances between homes, stores, and work
physical- natural science which deals with the processes and patterns in the natural environment such as the atmosphere
cultural- any building, structure, historic district, area, site or object, including an underground or underwater site
Contour lines are the most common method of showing relief and elevation on a standard topographic map, and they give a sense of slope