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POLC - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Specific goals
        
        Clearly defined
      - Written down
      - Goals are shared with to reduce ambiguity
        
        Creates a common understanding about what needs to be done
      - Associated with higher profits
    - - Nothing is written down
      - Little/no sharing of goals with others
      - General & lacks continuity
  - - - forces managers to look ahead & consider the impact of change
        
        Then develop appropriate response
  - - - Without planning, managers would not know what to organise, lead or control
  - - - Desired outcomes
      - Provides direction and performance evaluation criteria
      - Types of Goals
        
        Financial
        
        Stated
        
        Real
    - - Provides a map
        
        Guides managers at arrives at a given destination
      - Documents how goals are to be accomplished
        
        How resources are to be allocated
      - Types of Plans
        
        Strategic
        
        Operational
        
        Long Term
        
        Short term
        
        Specific
        
        Directional
        
        Single use
        
        Standing
- - - - It also suggests that managers require an ability to "read" and "adapt" to situational circumstances
- - - - High specialisation
      - Rigid departmentalisation
      - High chain of command
      - Narrow spans of control
      - High formalisation
      - Centralised structure
        
        For example, Mcdonalds, who have a structured and linear level of specialisation and a high chain of command.
    - - Cross functional and cross hierarchical teams
      - Free flow of information
      - Wide spans of control
      - Decentralized
        
        For example, Google, who have cross functional teams and a more team focused approach to management
      - Low formalisation
- - - - Comparing
      - Monitoring
      - Correcting
  - - - Personal and organisational approaches
      - Improve input resource
      - Increase probability of reliable info
      - Helps management to decide what kind of control
    - - Different results
      - Acceptable range of deviation
    - - Immediate correction
      - Reactive approach
    - - Revise standards according to requirement