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(Biology)Topic 7 - Coggle Diagram
(Biology)Topic 7
Hormones
Pituitary Gland - Secretes hormones into the blood to either have an effect on the body or act on other glands to stimulate them to produce different hormones.
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Thyroid - Secretes thyroxine, controls metabolic rate, heart rate and temperature.
Adrenal Gland - Secretes adrenaline, involved in the fight or flight response
Ovary - Secretes oestrogen and is involved in the menstrual cycle and the development of female secondary sexual characteristics.
Testes - Secretes testerone and is involved in the production of sperm and the development of male secondary sexual characteristics.
Adrenaline
Adrenaline is a hormone that is produced by the adrenal glands to prepare the body for a flight or fight response. Aspects of the flight or fight response include:
- Increased heart rate
- Increased blood pressure
- Increased blood flow to muscles
- Increased blood sugar levels
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Menstrual Cycle
The Menstrual Cycle is the process the body undergoes each month to prepare for a potential pregnancy. It begins with the lining of the uterus breaking down, and the woman has her period. The layer then builds up again, until ovulation occurs - an egg is released from the ovary and moves to the uterus via the fallopian tube. If a fertilised egg has not been embedded in the lining after 28 days, it begins to break down and the cycle continues.
Contraception
Hormonal
The contraceptive pill must be taken regularly or the bodies own hormones will be released, leading to an egg maturing.
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Homeostasis
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In the human body, homeostasis controls:
- Blood Glucose Concentration
- Body Temperature
- Water Levels
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Insulin and Glucagon
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Rigorous activity, e.g. exercise, uses glucose for respiration and therefore there is less in the blood
Diabetes
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Type 1: The pancreas cannot produce enough insulin. This condition is congenital (usually from birth(a young age).
Type 2: The body cells no longer repsond to insulin. This condition is acquired (usually occcurs later in life)
BMI
A body mass index over 30 is generally considered as a definition for obesity. Obesity and overwight are considered as risk factors for developing Type 2 Diabetes.
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