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CHAPTER 1: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, THE INTERNET AND YOU., INFORMATIONS…
CHAPTER 1: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, THE INTERNET AND YOU.
INFORMATIONS SYSTEMS
People are an essential part of the system. The purpose of information systems is to make people, or end users like you, more productive.
Procedures are rules or guidelines to follow when using software, hardware, and data. They are typically documented in manuals written by computer professionals.
Software (programs) provides step-by-step instructions to control the computer to convert data into information.
Hardware consists of the physical equipment. It is controlled by software and processes data to create information.
Data consists of uprocessed facts, including text, numbers, images, and sound. Information is data that has been processed by the computer.
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PEOPLE
Making IT Work for You presents several interesting and practical applications. Topics include using online office suites and clouds storage.
Tips offer a variety of suggestions on such practical matters how to improve slow computer performance and how to protect your privacy while on the web.
Privacy marginal boxes discuss threats to your personal privacy and suggest ways to protect yourself.
Environment boxes discuss important and relevant environmental issues. The impact of computers and other technologies is more critical today then ever before.
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Careers in IT presents a job description, employment demands, educational requirements, salary ranges, and advancement opportunities.
SOFTWARE
System Software
System software enables application software to interact with computer hardware.
- Operating systems coordinate resources, provide an interface, and run applications. Three types are embedded (real-time, RTOS), stand-alone, and network (NOS).
- Uitilities perform specific tasks to manage computer resources.
Application Software
Application software includes general-purpose, specialized, and mobile applications.
- General purpose-widely used in nearly all career areas; programs include browsers, word processors, spreadsheets, database management systems, and presentation software.
- Specialized-focus more on specific disciplines and occupations; programs include graphics and web authoring.
- Apps (mobile apps, mobile applications)-designed for mobile devices; most popular are for text messaging, Internet browsing, and connecting to social network.
HARDWARE
Types of Computers
Supercomputer mainframe, midrange (server), and personal computers (PC's) are four types of computers. Personal computers can be desktop, laptop (notebook computer), tablet, smartphone, and wearable.
Personal Computer Hardware
There are four basic categories of hardware devices:
- System unit contains electronic circuity, including microprocessors and memory. Random-access memory (RAM) holds the program and data currently being processed.
- Input/output devices are translators between humans and computers. Input devices include the keyboard and mouse. The most common output device is the computer display (monitor).
- Secondary storage holds data and programs. Typical media include hard disks, solid-state storage, and optical disks (CD, DVD, and Blu-ray).
- Communication devices allow personal computers to communicate with other computer systems. Moderns modify audio, video, and other types of data for transmission across the Internet.