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Transition from school to work in comparative perspective Alan c.…
Transition from school to work in comparative perspective
Alan c. Kerckhoff (2000)
Dimensions of societal variation
General and vocational educational credentials
Difference between the nature of educational credentials
General (academic) credentials: entry into the labour force less predictive
Vocational (specific) educational credentials: entry into the labour force limited to particular occupations
Educational standarization
Degree of to which the quality of education meets the same standards nationwide
High standardization: centralized system
Low standardization: decentralized system
Educational stratification
Refers to both the varied prestige of kinds of educational programs and the varied chances of reaching high levels of educational attainment
Low stratification: lack of irrevocable branching points
High stratification: different degrees of access to opportunities for additional and more advanced schooling
Social stratification
Condition:
hierarchy of occupational positions within the labor force
Process:
application of mechanisms throught the stratification is reproduced
Result of individual's family orientation + educational institutions + adult mobility within the labor force
Differences between countries because of different use of educational credentials in the labor market
Signaling theory:
skills judgement based in credentials and employers' interviews
Network theory
: the whole system provides a evaluations that match worker's skills with employer's needs
Combinations of characteristics of educational systems
High stratification + high standarization =
strong credential - occupation linkage
Do the differences matter?
Association between educational attainment and the level of first job
Many educational credentials = stronger education-occupation association
The association should be stronger in societies with:
High levels of stratification
High levels of standardization
Strong emphasis on vocacional credentials
Changes in educational attainment after the first job
Multiple entries into the labour force: students make more than one full transition from school to work
Engaging in school and work activities simultaneously: "dual system"
Students make a single full transition from school to work
Job changes and early career mobility
Early career turbulence (moving from job to job before finding an appropriate position) because of the general nature of educational credentials
Young people is more specialized, so they do not have to do several job changes
Overview of the effects of differences in educational systems
Two general types of linkage between educational systems and labor force careers
Type 2
The educational system is organized into very general, unstratified units whose characteristics vary somewhat in different locals
There are limited bases among those who leave school at any given age and enter the labor force
Type 1
The educational system is organized into highly stratified units that are consistently found throughout the society
It has the capacity to structure the flow of students into the labor force
2nd A students:
María Elena López Benlloch
Noelia Martínez Moreno
Irene Modesto Dueñas
María Pinazo Ramírez