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LEARNING AND STRESS - Coggle Diagram
LEARNING AND STRESS
WHAT IS LEARNING
SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY
:check: uses modeling or vicarious learning to acquire behavior through observing and imitating others by means of perception and attribution.
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CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
:check: a form of learning through association that involves the manipulation of stimuli to influence behavior
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OPERANT CONDITIONING
:check: the process of controlling behavior by manipulating, or “operating” on, its consequences
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Organizational behavior modification (OB Mod)
:check: The systematic reinforcement of desirable work behavior and the nonreinforcement or punishment of unwanted work behavior
POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT
:check:The administration of positive consequences to increase the likelihood of repeating the desired behavior in similar settings
SHAPING
:check: the creation of a new behavior by the positive reinforcement of successive approximations to the desired behavior
WHAT IS STRESS
- An adaptive response to a situation that is perceived as challenging or threatening to the person’s well-being
[TYPES OF STRESS]
- Episodic Stress- a pattern of high stress followed by intervals of relief.
- Chronic Stress- constant confrontation of stressors without relief.
- Distress- stress that has a negative consequence on a person’s well-being.
ROLE RELATED STRESSORS
:check: role conflict
- Inter-role conflict
- Intra-role conflict
- person-role conflict
:check: role ambiguity
- uncertain duties, authority
:check: role overload/ under-load
:check: task characteristics
- decisions, monitoring, traffic problems
STRESS RESEARCH
- Type A and complexity leads to cardiovascular problems
- Job Control, Job Complexity, Self-Efficacy interact to influence blood pressure
- Burnout as a process
- Emotional Exhaustion - lack of energy and a feeling that one’s emotional resources are used up
- Coping Strategy for emotional buffer
-Sense of inadequacy
CONSEQUENCES
- attitudinal
- behavioral
- interpersonal
INTERPERSONAL STRESSOR
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top 10 life stressors
- Retirement or quitting
- Marital reconciliation
- Fired from work
- Marriage
- Personal injury or illness
- Death of a family member
- Jail Term
- Marital Separation
- Divorce
- Death
COPING WITH STRESS
- Individual Coping Strategies
:check: Problem-focused- solve the problem, don’t procrastinate
- Time management- self-management
:check: scheduling, rewards, punishments
- Seeking Help
:check: mentoring- process of senior performer coaching a junior one
- Change jobs
- Emotion-focused
- Relaxation
:check: meditation
:check: napping
- Exercise
- Psychological
:check: Employee Assistance Programs
- Recreation
- Companionship
FAMILY-FRIENDLY AND WORK/ LIFE INITIATIVES
- Flexible work time
- Job sharing
- Telecommuting
- Personal leave
- Childcare facilities
OTHER STRESS MANAGEMENT
- Withdrawing from the stressor
= person-job matching
= work breaks, stabilization zones, sabbaticals
- Changing stress perceptions
= self-efficacy, self-leadership
- Controlling stress consequences
= relaxation and meditation
= fitness and lifestyle programs
- Social support
= emotional and informational
COGNITIVE DISSONANCE THEORY
- Leon Festinger 1967
- Three aspects of attitudes must follow each
other
:check: cognitive aspect- knowledge about an object
:check: affective aspect- liking of the object
:check: behavioral aspect- behavior toward the object
- If the dissonance is present there is stress and a need to change an aspect of the attitude to produce agreement among the elements
CHANGING ASPECTS OF ATTITUDES
- Affected by the level of control
:check: “can I control the aspects of my attitude?”
:check: “Do I have a choice regarding the performance of the behavior?”
- Behaviors are set by habit and view of others
- Ignore current knowledge
- Seek new knowledge
- Alter beliefs
- Hypocrisy affects the level of dissonance
EMOTIONAL LABOR
- Experiencing dissonance as a part of an individual’s role
- Presenting a friendly attitude while holding a negative attitude
- Mainly in service positions where employees must always be “happy”
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CONSEQUENCES OF DISTRESS
- Physiological consequences
:pencil2: 50%-75% of all illnesses
:pencil2: Lower for women
:pencil2: cardiovascular diseases
:pencil2:ulcers, sexual dysfunction, headaches
- Behavioral consequences
:pencil2: work performance, accidents, decisions
:pencil2: absenteeism -- due to sickness and flight
:pencil2: workplace aggression
- Psychological Consequences
:pencil2: moodiness, depression, emotional fatigue