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The Heart and CHD - Coggle Diagram
The Heart and CHD
Arteries
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They have thick walls, a thick layer of muscle and elastic fibres and small lumen
As the blood in the arteries is under pressure it is very dangerous if an artery is cut because the blood will spurt out rapidly every time the heart beats
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Veins
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They have relatively thin walls, a large lumen and often have valves to prevent the back flow of blood
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Capillaries
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They have walls a single cell thick which enable substances like oxygen and glucose to diffuse easily out of the blood and into the cells and a narrow lumen
The substances produced in the cells such as carbon dioxide pass easily into the blood through the walls of the capillaries
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The left ventricle has a thicker wall with more muscle to generate a higher pressure to pump blood a longer distance to the rest of the body
In coronary heart disease layers of fatty material build up inside the coronary arteries, narrowing them, reducing the flow of blood and resulting in a lack of oxygen to the heart cells.
Stents are used to keep the coronary arteries open. Statins are widely used to reduce blood cholesterol levels which slow down the rate of fatty material deposit.
Heart valves may become faulty, preventing the valve from opening or closing fully. Faulty heart valves can be replaced using biological or mechanical valves.
Blood is a tissue consisting of plasma in which the red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets are suspended
Red blood cells contain haemoglobin which binds to oxygen to transport it from the lungs to the tissues.
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The natural resting heart rate is controlled by a group of cells located in the right atrium that act as a pacemaker.
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In the case of heart failure a donor heart, or heart and lungs can be transplanted. Artificial hearts are occasionally used to keep patients alive whilst waiting for a heart transplant, or to allow the heart to rest as an aid to recovery
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