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Left Ventricular Hypertrophy - Coggle Diagram
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
SYMPTOMS
Fatigue
Chest pain, often after exercising
Sensation of rapid, fluttering or pounding heartbeats (palpitations)
Shortness of breath
Dizziness or fainting
CAUSES
Few Abnormalities in heart muscle cell structure that result in increased heart wall thickness include:
Amyloidosis: A condition that causes abnormal protein deposits around the organs, especially the heart.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: This genetic disease occurs when the heart muscle becomes abnormally thick, even with completely normal blood pressure, making it harder for the heart to pump blood.
Aortic valve stenosis: This disease is a narrowing of the aortic valve that separates the left ventricle from the large blood vessel leaving your heart (aorta).
Hypertension: this is the most common cause of left ventricular hypertrophy
RISK FACTORS
Family history: Certain genetic conditions are associated with developing left ventricular hypertrophy.
Diabetes. The risk of left ventricular hypertrophy is higher in people with diabetes
Weight: Being overweight increases your risk of high blood pressure and left ventricular hypertrophy
Race. African Americans may have a higher risk of left ventricular hypertrophy than white people with similar blood pressure measurements.
Age: Left ventricular hypertrophy is more common in older people.
Sex. Women with hypertension are at higher risk of left ventricular hypertrophy than are men with similar blood pressure measurements.
PREVENTION
Maintain a healthy weight.
Eat healthy diet
Make time for physical activity.
Monitor high blood pressure.
Quit smoking
COMPLICATIONS
Inability of the heart to pump enough blood to your body (heart failure)
Abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmia)
Reduced blood supply to the heart
Irregular, often rapid heartbeat that increases the risk of stroke
Insufficient supply of oxygen to the heart (ischemic heart disease)
Stroke
Sudden, unexpected loss of heart function, breathing and consciousness (sudden cardiac arrest)
TREATMENT
· Inotropes. These are intravenous medications used in people with severe heart failure in the hospital to improve heart pumping function and maintain blood pressure.
· Diuretics. Often called water pills, makes you urinate more frequently and keep fluid from collecting in your body.
Beta blockers- slows heart rate and reduce the risk of some
abnormal heart rhythms
eg. carvedilol (Coreg), metoprolol (Lopressor) and bisoprolol (Zebeta).
Angiotensin II receptor blockers. includes losartan (Cozaar) and valsartan (Diovan)
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors – act as vasodilators
Eg, enalapril (Vasotec), lisinopril (Zestril) and captopril (Capoten).
blood-thinning medications to help prevent blood clots
statin to lower cholesterol
nitrates for chest pain
TEST DONE TO DIAGNOSE
Echocardiogram – a type of ultrasound scan where sound waves are used to examine the heart
X-ray – to check if the heart is bigger than it should be(hypertrophy)
Electrocardiogram (ECG) – this records the electrical activity of the heart