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Topic 1 Geography - Coggle Diagram
Topic 1 Geography
1.4 Rock cycle
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Steps of the rock cycle
- Eroded rock on Earth's surface is broken down into stones and sand.
- The river picks them up and transport them
- It will deposit when it reaches the ocean. A thick layer of sediment stacks up the ocean floor. It is compacted and becomes sedimentary rock
- Sedimentary rock gets forced down the Earth's crust. The heat and pressure turned it into a metamorphic rock
- The metamorphic rock will get buried further down. The heat is too high there so that it melts. The liquid is called magma.
- The magma cools and forms igneous rock. Some cool below the surface and some cool at the surface from volcanoes as lava
- When the rocks get lifted up or shooted out, the cycle starts all over again
1.7 Rock and landscapes
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For example, granite is an igneous rock. It breaks down very slowly and it is also impermeable.
Land where you can find granite:
- Land that's higher than normal
- Boggy areas
- Grazing places
1.8 Soil
Soil - Mixture of clay and rotted vegetation. Clay and sand from when the rock is broken down by chemical weathering.
Uses of soil
- Elements and minerals in the soil is taken by plants.
- The animals eat the plants and get the minerals too
- We eat the animals and plants, so we get all the minerals from the soil
- Soil can be also used for building industries.
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1.3 Weathering
Weathering - The breaking down of rocks by the action of things in its environment: Heat, cold, pressure, plants, and so on.
Typer of weathering: Physical, chemical
Physical weathering: In this weathering the rock get broken into bits, but the chemicals inside do not change
For example, by heating and cooling. Rock expands when it is heated and contracts when it is cool. Repeated heating and cooling and weaken it and cause cracks to form.
Chemical weathering: In this weathering the minerals in the rock go through chemical reactions so they will change. This changes helps weaken up the rock and breaks it up.
For example, rain is slightly acidic. So when it lands it reacts on the calcium carbonate on the rock and dissolves it away