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planning process - Coggle Diagram

- - - - formal
      - informal
    - - provides direction
      - reduces uncertainty
      - minimises waste
      - establishes goals and standards
  - - - desired outcomes
      - provide direction
      - can be financial, environmental, social, etc.
      - stated or real
- - - - managers should delegate
    - - organisations
      - major/minor Assets
  - - - Personal observation
      - Statistical reports
      - Oral reports
      - Written reports
    - - Correct actual performance
        
        Immediately corrective
      - Revised the standard
        
        revised = change in level of goal
        
        To high/to low
  - - - Control Criteria
        
        Employee satisfaction
        
        Turnover and absenteeism rates
        
        Budgets
- - - - accomplish goals
      - creating structure
      - organisational design
  - - - high specialisayion
      - rigid departmentalisation
      - high chain of command
      - narrow spans of control
      - high formalisation
      - centralised
    - - cross functional teams
      - cross hierarchical terms
      - free flow of information
      - wide spans of control
      - low formalisation
      - decentralised
- - - - to achieve goals
  - - - leaders are born, not trained
    - - duality
        
        focus on task
        
        focus on people
    - - must read and adapt
        
        situational circumstances