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TUnisia - Coggle Diagram

- - - - studies were routinely thwarted
      - regime cover ups
      - a taboo to talk about
    - - little attention paid
      - not much action taken
    - - raw phosphate processing
        
        state-run chemical company Groupe Chimique Tunisien (GCT)
        
        largest manufacturer operating in the port
        
        the broken display board not showing the levels of
        
        sulfur dioxide
        
        nitrogen dioxide
        
        ammonia
        
        three GCT factories
        
        3.5 million tons of raw phosphate eah year
        
        more than 2,800 workers
        
        air and sea chemical pollution
      - about 20 other plants
        
        operated by private companies
        
        produce aluminum fluoride for metal foundries
        
        produce phosphate salt for detergents and ceramics
      - employs about 5,000 people
  - - - thick black layer of phosphogypsum
        
        stretch of beach between the town of Chott Salem and the industrial zone
        
        waste product created during the production of phosphoric acid
        
        around five million tons dumpted by the GCT into the Mediterranean yearly
        
        mildly radioactive
        
        contains uranium and radium
      - 2012 GOVt study
        
        fish catches near the coast contracted more than 30% between 1997 and 2006
        
        severely damaged marine ecosystem
        
        situation: totally irreversible
      - air pollution
        
        fall in birds population
        
        health problems
        
        cancer
        
        respiratory issues
        
        decreased fertility rates and rising miscarriages
        
        increased asthma among children
- - - - launched 2012
      - highlights the need for establishing strong governance for CC based on cross-sectoral and sub-regional institutional interactions
      - developed by the Ministry of Environment
      - proactive mitigation policy to reduce the economy’s carbon emissions
    - - 2014
      - CC as a permanent feature of Tunisia's domestic agenda
      - only the 3dr country in the world (Ecuador and the Dominican Republic)
      - Article 45
        
        “a sound climate and the right to a sound and balanced environment,”
        
        “provide the necessary means to eliminate environmental pollution.”
      - Pramble
        
        “the necessity of contributing to a secure climate and the protection of the environment.”
  - - - lower carbon emissions by 41 percent in 2030
      - reduce GHG emissions across all sectors (energy; industrial processes; agriculture, forestry and other land use; waste
    - - Environmental
        
        rising sea levels
        
        increase in temperature
        
        decreased precipitation
        
        water stress/scarcity
        
        damaged coastlines and aritime biodiversity
      - Socioeconomic
        
        health and tourism
        
        intra regional migration
        
        deacreased productivity agriculture
        
        decreased resilience in rural areas
- - - - controls 91.5% of the installed power production capacity
      - produces 81% of the electricity
    - - no excess generation capacity
      - delays in power plant construction
      - pressure to meet peak summer electricity demand
      - meeting annual 5% growth in power consumption
      - few renewable alternative
      - reducing the overall eergy deficit
    - - only independent power producer (IPP)
- - - - highly viriable rainfall (constantly decreasing)
      - below the United Nations criteria as water scare (1000 m3/yr)
      - national per capita sustainable water roughly 400 m3/yr well below average for the MENA region
      - potential for severe water stress by the 2050s
    - - increased salinization of agricultural field
      - increased erosion of sandy beaches
      - increased saltwater intrusion into coastal aquifers
      - increased inundation of low lying
        wetland areas
      - disproportionate impact on the economy
        
        more than 70% of economic activities takes place in coastal areas
        
        2/3rds of the country’s population resides
      - negative impact on coastal tourism/ecosystems/infrastructure