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Waste Water For Humans and Livestock - Coggle Diagram
Waste Water For Humans and Livestock
Waste Water
water produced by livestock operations and human activities, including human sewage from toilets and gray water from bathing and washing clothes and dishes.
Point Source and Non-point source
A point source is a distinct location from which pollution is directly produced.
A nonpoint source is a more diffuse area that produces pollution, such as an entire farming region, a suburban community with many lawns and septic systems, or storm runoff from parking lots.
Problems and concerns
First, wastewater dumped into bodies of water naturally undergoes decomposition by bacteria, which creates a large demand for oxygen in the water.
Second, the nutrients that are released from wastewater decomposition can make the water more fertile.
Third, wastewater can carry a wide variety of disease-causing organisms.
Disease
Wastewater can carry a variety of pathogens including viruses, bacteria, and protists.
Such pathogens cause cholera, typhoid fever, various types of stomach flu, and diarrhea.
Worldwide, the major waterborne diseases are cholera, hepatitis, and gastrointestinal illness.
Oxygen Demand
When organic matter enters a body of water, microbes that are decomposers feed on it. Because these microbes require oxygen to decompose the waste, the more waste that enters the water, the more the microbes grow and the more oxygen they demand.
Lower BOD values indicate that a water body is less polluted by wastewater, and higher BOD values indicate that a water body is more polluted by wastewater.
When microbial decomposition uses a large amount of oxygen in a body of water, the amount of oxygen remaining for other organisms can be very low. This can result in dead zones.
Nutrient Release
When wastewater decomposes it releases nitrogen and phosphorus.
Causes eutrophication which consumes most of the waters dissolved oxygen.
Causes dead zones
Sewage and Septic Systems
Septic
In rural areas, houses often treat their own sewage with a septic system, which is a relatively small and simple sewage treatment system that is made up of a septic tank and a leach field.
the septic tank is a large container that receives wastewater from the house. Having a capacity of 1,900 to 4,700 L (500–1,250 gallons), the septic tank is buried underground adjacent to the house.
Anything that floats will rise to the top of the tank and form a scum layer. Anything heavier than water, including many pathogens, will sink to the bottom of the tank and form the sludge layer, which we define as the solid waste material from wastewater. In the middle is a fairly clear water layer called septage. The septage contains large quantities of bacteria and may also contain some pathogens and inorganic nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus.
Sewage
In developed countries, municipalities use centralized sewage treatment plants that receive the wastewater from hundreds or thousands of households via a network of underground pipes. In a traditional sewage treatment plant, wastewater is handled using a primary treatment followed by a secondary treatment.
the primary treatment allows the solid waste material to settle into a sludge layer. The remaining wastewater undergoes a secondary treatment that uses bacteria to break down 85 to 90 percent of the organic matter and convert it into carbon dioxide and inorganic nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus.
The remaining water is disinfected, using chlorine, ozone, or ultraviolet light to kill any remaining pathogens. The disinfected water is then released into a nearby river or lake, where it is once again part of the global water cycle.