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PAST TENSES - Coggle Diagram
PAST TENSES
Past Simple
Form
Affirmative: subject + regular verb + (-d/-ed)
subject + irregular verbs
Negative: subject+ did + not/ didn’t + infinitive
Interrogative: did +subject+ infinitive
Use:
-actions which happened at a specific time (stated, implied or already known).
e.g. I read two books last week.
-past habits
e.g. I used to play the flute.
-past actions which happened one immediately after the other.
e.g. Linda dressed up, brushed her hair, put on makeup and ran out of the house.
-past actions which won’t take place again
e.g. The first industrial revolution lasted from 1760. – 1840.
Time expressions : yesterday + (night, morning, etc.); last + night/evening/month/ year, etc., in 2000, a month ago..
Spelling rules:
-we add -d to verbs ending in -e
e.g. move-moved
-for verbs ending in consonant + (-y) , we drop the -y and add (-ied)
e.g.deny-denied
-for verbs ending in vowel + (-y) , we add (-ed)
e.g. stray-strayed
-for verbs ending in one stressed vowel between consonants, we double the last consonant and add -ed
e.g. ban-banned
Past Continious
Use:
-an action which was in progress at a stated time in the past. We do not know when the action started or finished.
e.g. I was writing my essay yesterday.
-a past action which was in progress when another action interrupted it. The Past Continuous = action in progress (longer action)
e.g. I was cooking when Jane called me.
-two or more actions which were happening at the same time in the past
e.g. Charlotte was doing the dishes while Peter was reading a book.
.-to give background information in a story.
e.g. Snow was falling, Gabriella was sitting and we were playing in the snow.
Form:
Affirmative: subject+was/were + main verb + (-ing)
Negative:subject+ was/were not + main verb + (-ing)
Interrogative: was/were + subject+ main verb + (-ing)
Time Expressions:while, when, as , all(day,night, morning), yesterday..
Spelling rules:
-verbs ending in -e drop the -e and take -ing
e.g.was/were take-taking
-verbs ending in vowel + consonant and which are stressed on the last syllable, double the consonant and take -ing
e.g. was/were shop-shopping
-verbs ending in -ie change the -ie to -y and add -ing
e.g. was/were lie-lying
Past Perfect
Form:
Affirmative:subject+had+ past participle
Negative: subject + hadn't/had not + past participle
Interrogative:Had+subject + past participle
Use:
-for an action which finished before another past action or before a stated time in the past
e.g. The bus had left by the time I arrived at the station.
-for an action which finished in the past and whose result was visible at a later point in the past.
e.g.Melanie was excited because she had booked her trip to Miami.
Time expressions: before, already, just, for, since,till/until, by, never..
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Past perfect Continious
Use:
-to put emphasis on the duration of an action which started and finished in the past, before another action or stated time in the past, usually with for or since
e.g. I had been studying in the library for hours before I came to class.
-for an action which lasted for some time in the past and whose result was visible in the past
e.g. Gina was tired. She had been running for 2 hours.
Form:
Affirmative: subject + had+been+ main verb + (-ing)
Negative:subject + had not/hadn't +been+ main verb + (-ing)
Interrogative: Had+subject + been+main verb+ (-ing)
Time expressions: for, since, how long, before, until..
Spelling rules:
-verbs ending in -e drop the -e and take -ing
e.g.had been take-taking
-verbs ending in vowel + consonant and which are stressed on the last syllable, double the consonant and take -ing
e.g. had been shop-shopping
--verbs ending in -ie change the -ie to -y and add -ing
e.g. had been lie-lying
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