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SYSTEM SOFTWARE & APPLICATION SOFTWARE - Coggle Diagram
SYSTEM SOFTWARE & APPLICATION SOFTWARE
SYSTEM SOFTWARE
-Programs that control or maintain operation of computer.
-Two types :Operating systems and Utility programs
OPERATING SYSTEMS
Operating system (OS) (sometimes called the platform) coordinates all activities among computer hardware resources.
OPERATING SYSTEM FUNCTIONS
Booting
Cold boot - Turning on computer that has been powered off
Warm boot - Restarting computer that is powered on
User interface
Controls how you enter data and instructions and how information displays on screen
Graphical user interface (GUI)
User interacts with menus and visual images such as buttons and other graphical objects
Single user/ Multitasking
-Working on two or more programs that reside in memory at same time
-Foreground contains program you are using
-Background contains programs that are running but are not in use
Program management features
Multiprocessing - Can support two or more processors running programs at same time
Multiuser- Enables two or more users to run programs simultaneously
Fault-tolerant computer - Continues to operate when one of its components fails
Memory management
-Optimizing use of random access memory (RAM)
-With virtual memory (VM), portion of hard disk is allocated to function as RAM
Device driver
-Program that tells operating system how to communicate with device. Also called driver
-With Plug and Play, operating system automatically configures new devices as you install them
Operating system monitor performance
Provides program, called performance monitor, that assesses and reports information about system resources and devices
Network operating system
-Allows users to share resources on a network
-Administers security by establishing user name and password for each user
OPERATING SYSTEM UTILITY PROGRAM
-Utility program -System software that performs maintenance-type tasks
-Also called utility
File manager
-Performs functions related to file management
-Search utility attempts to locate files on your computer
Personal firewall
Detects and protects a personal computer from unauthorized intrusions
Uninstaller
-Removes a program and all associated files
In Windows Vista, uninstaller is available through the Uninstall a program command in the Control Panel
Disk scanner
-Searches for and removes unnecessary files
-Windows Vista includes Disk Cleanup
Disk defragmenter
Reorganizes files and unused space on hard disk so that programs run faster
Backup utility
-Copies selected files or entire hard disk onto another storage medium
-Most compress files during backup to require less storage space
Screen saver
Causes monitor’s screen to display moving image or blank screen if there is no activity for a specified time
Types of Operating Systems
Device-dependent-
Runs only on specific type of computer
Proprietary software-
Privately owned and limited to specific vendor or computer model
Device-independent-
Runs on many manufacturers’ computers
Downward compatible-
Works with application software written for earlier version of operating system
Upward compatible-
Runs on new versions of operating system
Categories of Operating Systems
Embedded
Network
Stand - alone
Windows XP - Fast, reliable Windows operating system
Available in five editions: Home Edition, Professional Edition, Tablet PC Edition, Media Center Edition, and 64-bit Edition
Windows Vista - Successor to Windows XP, containing a new interface and new / enhanced features
-Available in several editions, grouped into Home and Business categories
Mac OS X -Available only for computers manufactured by Apple
-Macintosh operating system has been model for most GUIs
UNIX- Used by power users because of its flexibility and power
--Most versions offer GUI
Linux -Open-source software—code is available to public
-Both a stand-alone and a network operating system
Examples of network operating systems
NetWare
UNIX / Linux
Windows Server 2008
Solaris
Embedded Operating Systems
-Found on most smart phones and small devices
-Windows Embedded CE is scaled-down version of Windows
Embedded Linux
Scaled-down Linux operating system designed for smart phones, PDAs, smart watches, set-top boxes, Internet telephones, and otherdevices
Symbian OS
-Open-source, multitasking operating system designed for smart phones
-Make telephone calls, save appointments, browse Web, send and receive text and picture messages, e-mail messages, faxes, and more
Application software-Programs designed to make users more productive and/or assist them with personal tasks
Software distributed
Packaged software, mass-produced
Custom software, performs functions specific to a business or industry
Web-based software, hosted by a Web site
Open source software, provided for use, modification, and redistribution
Shareware, copyrighted software that is distributed free for trial period
Freeware, copyrighted software provided at no cost
Public-domain software, freeware with no copyright restrictions
BUSINESS SOFTWARE
word processing software - Allows users to create and manipulate text and graphics
spreadsheet software -Organizes data in rows and columns
-Performs calculations and recalculates when data changes
charting -Allows you to display spreadsheet data in graphical form
database software -Allows you to create, access, and manage data
presentation graphics software - Used to create visual aids for presentations
-A presentation is sometimes called a slide show
note taking software -Enables users to enter typed text, handwritten comments, drawings, or sketches anywhere on the page
Personal Information Manager Software - Includes a calendar, address book, notepad, and synchronization with desktop computer
-Most smart phones and PDAs include PIM functionality
project management software -Allows you to plan, schedule, track, and analyze the events, resources, and costs of a project
accounting software -Helps companies record and report their financial transactions
document management software -Provides a means for sharing, distributing, and searching through documents by converting them into a format that can be viewed by any user
enterprise computing software - Large organizations require special computing solutions
-Each functional unit has specialized software requirements
GRAPHICS AND MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARE
computer-aided design (CAD) -Sophisticated application software that allows you to create engineering, architectural, and scientific designs
desktop publishing software -Enables you to design and produce sophisticated documents that contain text, graphics, and many colors
paint/image editing software - Used to create and modify graphical images
-Sometimes called illustration software
professional photo editing software- Allows users to customize digital photos
-Save images in a variety of file formats
video and audio editing software -Video editing software allows you to modify a segment of a video, called a clip
-Audio editing software allows you to modify audio clips
multimedia authoring software -Allows you to combine text, graphics, audio, video, and animation in an interactive application
Web page authoring software -Helps users of all skill levels to create Web pages
Software facilitates communication
chatroom
message board
text messaging
instant messaging
blogging
video conferencing
e-mail
web browser
Widely used stand-alone utility programs
internet filters
file manager
file compression
backup
media player
dvd burning
pc maintanence
spyware remover
personal firewall
antivirus program
Web-based Software
Web application -A software application that obtains information from the Web
Computer Programs and Programming Language
s
computer program -Series of instructions that directs computer to perform tasks
Low-level language -Machine-dependent runs only on one type of computer.
-Machine and assembly languages are low-level
High-level language - Often machine-independent can run on many different types of computers and operating systems
machine language-Only language computer directly recognizes
-Uses a series of binary digits (1s and 0s) with a combination of numbers and letters that represent binary digits
assembly language -Instructions made up of symbolic instruction codes, meaningful abbreviations and codes
procedural language -Programmer writes instructions that tell computer what to accomplish and how to do it
COBOL
Designed for business applications
English-like statements make code easy to read, write, and maintain
Common Business-Oriented Language
C
Powerful language originally designed to write system software
object-oriented programming (OOP) language
Major benefit is ability to reuse and modify existing objects
Event-driven—checks for and responds to set of events
Used to implement object-oriented design
Java, C++, C#, and Visual Basic are complete object-oriented languages