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SOURCES OF INNOVATION - Coggle Diagram
SOURCES OF INNOVATION
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CORPORATIONS
Basic principle is corporations do Research & Development (R&D)
-Aim is new discoveries that lead to new products
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INDIVIDUALS
Still going strong because growth of small firm sector, new organizational arrangements (strategic alliances), availability of financial support (business angels) and role models.
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The “garage” model of innovation (start at home)
-367 Addison Avenue, Palo Alto, California
USERS
Also Shaw in UK in 1980s
-Medical/surgical instruments developed by surgeons/consultants, funded by research councils, tested/validated by hospitals, then built by manufacturer
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First identified by Von Hippel in US in 1970s
-Scientific instruments developed by scientists
-Found high proportion invented & developed by scientist users who then got a manufacturer to produce it
-Particularly noted role of ‘Lead Users’
-Lead users are ones who employ product in demanding cutting edge applications and have lots of experience