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Anatomy and Physiology - Coggle Diagram
Anatomy and Physiology
Cardiovascular system
Cardiac conduction system
Eletrical signal in sinoatrial node
Signal spreads through atria walls = contractions = a impulse passing through the atriovenricular node
AVN delays cardiac impulse for 0.1 seconds before ventricular systole begins
Impulse travels to the bundle of His
Impulse travels down bundle branches to purkyne fibres which cause the ventricles to contract.
S - Simon
A - Always
A - Asks
B - Before
P - Piping
V - Vag
Factors affecting the change in rate of the conduction system
Neutral control mechanism
Parasympathetic nervous system
Decreases heart rate
Medulla oblongata
Part of brain which regulates processes such as breathing and heart rate
Sympathetic nervous system
Speeds up heart rate
Chemoreceptors
Detect an increase in carbon dioxide
An increase in CO2 = increased heart rate
Baroreceptors
Detect an increase in blood pressure
An increase in blood pressure = decreased heart rate
Proprioceptors
Detect an increase in muscle movement
An increase in muscle movement = increased heart rate
Hormonal control mechanism
The impact of physical activity on stroke volume, heart rate and cardiac output
Stroke volume
If venous return increases then stroke volume will increase
Starlings law
Increased venous return --> Greater diastolic filling of heart --> Cardiac muscle stretched --> More force of contraction --> Increased ejection fraction
Heart rate
Heart rate will increase
Cardiac output
Cardiac output = Stroke volume x heart rate
Increases during exercise
Maximal/Submaximal exercise
